Major mycotoxin producing Fusarium species in wheat - factors affecting the species complex composition and disease management
··· lezzter Preis 18.05 ··· 9783867274296 ··· 10361169757 ··· Fusarium head blight (FHB) infections can significantly reduce yield and quality of the wheat grain, since Fusarium species are known to produce a range of mycotoxins. The most common mycotoxin-producing FHB species in wheat are F. graminearum (teleomorph G. zeae), F. culmorum, F. avenaceum (teleomorph G. avenacea), and F. poae. These species differ in their epidemiology as well as in the range of mycotoxins that they produce. The aim of this study was (i) to determine the effectiveness of plant production methods in reducing contamination of wheat grain by deoxynivalenol (DON), one of the major toxins produced by Fusarium species, (ii) to elucidate the way that wheat cultivation practices and specific environmental conditions influence the FHB species complex composition in wheat, (iii) to identify the Fusarium species in Schleswig-Holstein, and (iv) to determine the effectiveness of triazoles against ascospores, which form the primary inoculum of the most prevalent Fusarium species. Cultivation of moderately susceptible wheat cultivars (-76+-7%) instead of susceptible ones, proved the most effective method for reducing DON levels in infected wheat grain. Avoiding maize as a previous crop, or using a moldboard plough, reduced DON contents by 67+-11% and 67+-7%, respectively, while the application of triazole fungicides at wheat anthesis reduced DON contents on average by 47+-4%. The frequency of selected mycotoxin-producing Fusarium species in wheat heads was analyzed using Fusarium genus- and species-specific primers. Fusarium graminearum was the species most frequently detected (41%) at 26 sampling sites between 2004 and 2006, followed by F. poae (13%), F. culmorum (12%), and F. avenaceum (9%). The detection frequencies of F. graminearum decreased from the Southeast to the Northwest of the area surveyed. Leaf wetness during the period of wheat anthesis was positively correlated with the detection frequencies of F. graminearum, whereas F. culmorum frequencies were negatively affected. Precipitation, humidity, or temperature did not significantly affect the frequency of any of the Fusarium species studied and neither did the sampling year.The presence of one, two, and three species co-inhabiting wheat ears was encountered at frequencies of 57%, 19%, and 2%, respectively. However, F. avenaceum and F. poae were found more frequently in combinations with other species than expected. The Fusarium species complex composition was cultivar dependent on three different wheat cultivars (P Hersteller: Cuvillier Verlag Marke: Cuvillier Verlag EAN: 9783867274296 Kat: Lieferzeit: Sofort lieferbar Versandkosten: Ab 20¤ Versandkostenfrei in Deutschland Icon: https://www.inforius-bilder.de/bild/?I=PxeDSQQMeeh3tVzGWzqPo4z0KD7C9yn28OlWlGISCSA%3D Bild:
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