für 71.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray To satisfy the development of nanoscience and nanotechnology, techniques to characterize and fabricate nanostructures and nanodevices are in great demand. Laser, as a unique monochromatic and coherent light source, meets the needs because it exhibits the potential to reveal some vital information of the materials. However, the applications of laser technology to nanoscience and nanotechnology are facing a severe challenge: the spatial resolution cannot be further enhanced to achieve nanometer scales due to the optical diffraction limit associated with conventional optics. In response to this challenge, near-field optics has been emerging as a new scientific area to deal with optical phenomena at that scales. The objective of this dissertation is to explore the possibility and extend the capability of laser technology into the fabrication and characterization of nanostructures and nanodevices using near-field optics. With the aim of establishing a frame to this objective, our goals of this study are to develop novel optical characterization techniques and platforms with nanoscale resolutions, and to fabricate nanostructures using laser technology. ····· 10361135672
für 53.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray In electromagnetics, Green s functions, i.e. the fields or potentials created by a point source, are the most important building blocks for the numerical methods like Method of Moments, Multiple Multipole Program, FEM-BEM, etc. In these methods, after a magnitude and position deciding process is carried out for the point sources, the field scattered or generated by the objects are obtained as a superposition of the Green s functions. In free-space, the Green s functions are given as analytical functions, but in the case of a layered geometry, which is the case for most of the applications, the field generated by the point source is obtained as a superposition of plane waves that propagate in all the directions. This gives rise to an integral with infinite bounds where the integrands are oscillatory and singular in general. In this book, a detailed analysis is carried out to obtain the layered Green s functions in a fast, robust and efficient way, with a special emphasis on the integrands for all different layer types (lossy, left handed, metal, ) and geometrical parameters. Several MATLAB codes (incl. plane wave visualizer, GPOF) used in the book are also included as an appendix. ····· 10361134458
für 44.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray Conduction electrons in CrO2, a metallic oxide are known to have only one kind of spin which makes it a very interesting material to study for spin dependent transport phenomena. Thin film growth of CrO2 for its different crystallographic orientations, namely (100) and (110) are found to be different on iso-structural TiO2 substrates and therefore, their transport and magnetic properties, that was confirmed with detailed X-ray diffraction and magnetic characterization. Low pressure growth of CrO2 was explored. Although CrO2 phase is possible at lower than atmospheric pressure, it is less pure than it`s atmospheric pressure phase. On fabricated tunnel junctions, magneto-transport properties with (110) CrO2 and its natural oxide barrier shows TMR at low temperatures with energy barrier height of 0.4 eV. ····· 10361134420
für 53.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray Metallic pipelines are used to transmit the natural gas and petrolum products. Usually pipelines are constucted in the same pathway of the High Voltage Transmission Lines to save the right-way cost. AC voltage is induced on these pipelines due to the electric and magnetic fields of the overhead transmission lines. This book gives the calculations of electric and magnetic fields around the H.V.T.L and studies the hazards appear due to electromagnetic field on the workers, the damage of the pipelines coating and corrosion of the metallic pipelines construction. ····· 10361134282
für 61.20€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray Electricity transmission began with direct current. In 1880, Edison patented the first DC distribution system. That DC system was vital to broaden the use of his most famous invention, the electric lamp. However, at that time, low-voltage DC was proven inefficient. Despite the success of AC systems, the efforts for the development of practical high-voltage direct current transmission (HVDC) continued. The first HVDC transmission system was built in Sweden, in 1954, using mercury-arc valves. Nowadays, modern voltage-source converters (VSC) have smaller space requirements and improved reliability. VSC-HVDC has brought back the interest in the establishment of DC networks for applications such as DC supergrids and transnational networks for offshore wind farms. The goal of this work is to develop a more straightforward simulation model of VSC-HVDC systems which can be inputted into simulation software packages and still provide realistic and reliable data on the system operation under all circumstances. The major contribution is the integration of the developed model, representing the whole DC transmission link, with the manifold control strategies possible for this new technology. ····· 10361134258
für 71.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray This book presents the meaning of electric basics for electric stations. It discusses the major components electric connections inside a station. The classification of connections for different types of stations is analyzed. The types of power stations and substations are classified in details and the main contents on the single line diagram of a station are illustrated. The principle of the design of stations is given where the layout design is investigated in details. The transient profile between transmission and distribution borders is deduced. The renewal energy generation and connection with networks presented with classifications. The costing and energy pricing are delivered. The transmission lines are studied well and the towers are grouped for illustration. The book is a simple tool for graduate and post graduate students. It is a useful reference for electric engineers, researchers and designers. ····· 10361134041
für 53.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray We have developed a statistical analysis model for a gas detection system using a pulsed laser source and photo-detector, and then simplified the statistical analysis model to obtain the results efficiently. In this book our statistical analysis model is used for a generic mid-IR pulsed-laser gas detection system to predict trace gas detection and concentration estimation. The overall system statistical analysis model allows us to comprehensively evaluate and analyze a gas detection system as a whole, instead of merely looking at the system components individually. The generic analysis model can be specified with other system component (laser source, optical cavity, and photo-detector) parameter values, representing systems for different applications thus, this generic analysis model can be used to evaluate the performance of a variety of gas detection systems represented by this model. ····· 10361133798
für 53.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray We succeed in the generation of an intense THz pulse with maximum electric field of 250 kV/cm via non-collinear process in LiNbO3. We optimize the generation process and discuss the mechanism of High power THz generation. Using this source we drive large-amplitude motions in L-arginine micro crystals. Absorption spectra show the suppression of peaks and enhancement of low frequency absorption. These results are reproduced by simu- lation based on coherent transition in quantum levels of anharmonic potential. We have demonstrated that it is possible to use intense terahertz pulses to climb 20 ladder steps on the anharmonic intermolecular potential in the microcrystal. This opens the door to the possibility of manipulating large molecules, thereby increasing understanding of the properties of molecular complexes such as proteins. ····· 10361133691
für 44.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray In this thesis the interaction between a single quantum dot and a cavity is investigated. Quantum dots embedded in a micropillar cavity are investigated by measuring the spectra, and by performing time-resolved measurements. The enhancement of the spontaneous decay of the quantum dot is measured to 18.9 with a resonant lifetime of 28.1 ps under the assumption of an exponential decay. A model is constructed with measurable parameters, and the calculated decay curves are not exponential. As a result the mean decay rate, which coincides with the exponential rate for an exponential decay, is calculated for the measured rates. A large deviation is seen, with an enhancement of the mean decay rate of 9.1 with a resonant lifetime of 56.5 ps. The non-exponential decay of the quantum dot is caused by non- Markovian processes in the dot-cavity interaction. Furthermore, the second order coherence is measured to determine the quality of the single-photon emission, and two-photon interference measurements are likewise performed. These measurements show an indistinguishability of 48%. Finally, cavity-assisted resonant excitation of a quantum dot with another quantum dot is demonstrated. ····· 10361133293
für 53.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray Recently, series compensation is widely used in transmission. However, this creates several problems to conventional protection approaches.This book presents a comprehensive distance and overcurrent protection approach for series compensated transmission line using support vector machine (SVM).SVM is considered as a new powerful Artificial Intelligence (AI) technique. In a short period of time, SVM has been applied to numerous applications such as transformer faultdiagnosis, power system disturbances, relay coordination, transient stability of power system and fault classification of transmission line. This is due to the advantages of SVM over traditional approaches. The SVMs are trained with different kernel functions with different parameter values to get the most optimized model. Simulation studies have been considered for different operating conditions, including wide variations of load angle, fault inception angle, fault resistance and fault location.In addition to series compensated transmission line protection studies, the book also includes fault analysis of high voltage transmission linewithout compensation. ····· 10361132919
für 53.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray Large sized planar structures are increasingly being employed in satellite and radar applications. But due to large electrical size and complex cellular patterns of modern designs, full-wave analysis of these structures requires enormous memory and processing requirements. Therefore conventional techniques based on linear meshing either fail to simulate such structures or require resources not available to a common antenna designer. A novel technique called Scale-changing Technique (SCT) addresses this problem by partitioning the cellular array geometry in numerous nested domains defined at different scale-levels in the array plane. Multi-modal networks, called Scale-changing Networks (SCN), are then computed to model the electromagnetic interaction between any two successive partitions. The cascade of these networks allows the computation of the equivalent surface impedance matrix of the complete array which in turn can be utilized to compute far-field scattering patterns. Since the computation of scale-changing networks is mutually independent, execution times can be reduced significantly by employing multiple processing units. ····· 10361132065
für 71.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray Distribution networks reconfiguration (DNR) is the process of changing the topology of distribution systems by altering the open/closed status of switches to transfer loads among the feeders. One objective of the feeder reconfiguration of distribution systems is to minimize the total power losses for a specific load. This book adopts two new efficient heuristic techniques for reconfiguration of electrical distribution systems the real ants`-behavior-inspired Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm implemented in the Hyper Cube (HC) framework and the musicians`-behavior-inspired Harmony Search (HS) algorithm. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms, comparative studies are conducted on three test systems with encouraging results. The obtained results are compared with the results of other purely heuristic and AI-based approaches from literature to examine the performance. This book also emphasis the advantages of Insertion of Distributed Generation units (DGs) to the electrical distribution networks and the advantages of reconfiguration in presence of DGs on the total power loss reduction and bus voltage improvement. ····· 10361119179
····· lezzter Preis 53.10€ ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray Las empresas de distribución de energía eléctrica, en ocasiones suministran el servicio de energía eléctrica usando las redes subterráneas. Estas redes subterráneas están expuestas a problemas de funcionamiento derivados al comportamiento del aislamiento del conductor o cable o instalación de la red subterránea, los cuales pueden originar fenómenos que afectan la prestación del servicio. Para mejorar la calidad de servicio a los clientes, las empresas de distribución hacen uso de herramientas de simulación que permiten el modelamiento de cables y que además permitan realizar distintos tipos de análisis, como Flujos de Carga, Corto Circuito, Coordinación de Protecciones, entre otras. Además se tiene la necesidad de analizar, diagnosticar y definir estudios necesarios para los sistemas subterráneos con el propósito u objetivo de garantizar el buen funcionamiento del sistema eléctrico. El objetivo principal de este trabajo es realizar el modelamiento de circuitos de distribución subterránea, pertenecientes a una red de distribución para análisis térmico mediante el módulo Análisis Térmico para Sistemas Subterráneos disponible en el software ETAP. ····· 10361117476
für 53.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray Pequeñas Centrales Hidroelectricas Este libro permite al diseñador ayudar a escojer el tipo de turbina y equipos principales de la subestación. En los capítulos se describen los procedimientos para determinar el caudal y la altura de diseño utilizando métodos de medición. Se realiza una descripción de la clasificación de las turbinas hidráulicas, y los pasos para calcular las dimensiones de referencias de las turbinas y las caracteristicas del generador.En los capítulos se desarolla el procedimiento para seleccionar una turbina hidráulica y de acuerdo al nivel de voltaje se seleccionara el nivel de voltaje del transformador y los equipos principales de la subestación. ····· 10361117306
für 53.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray Se presenta una metodología para la determinación de pérdidas técnicas y no técnicas que se producen en la red subterránea de distribución, a través del desglose de cada componente representativo de la red para analizarlo y cuantificarlo, en función de información existente y criterios de ingeniería de distribución. La metodología se fundamenta en la veracidad de la información, por cual se realizó un trabajo en campo para recopilar información: del alimentador, transformadores, redes de baja tensión, acometidas, contadores de energía, alumbrado público, equipos de ventilación, entre otros. Con esta información se realizaron los análisis de cada componente, llegando a determinar las pérdidas técnicas. Para determinar la energía suministrada se instalaron analizadores de energía en la cabecera del alimentador y en el secundario de los transformadores de distribución. Para la energía registrada se recopiló la energía facturada de los clientes y consumos propios de la empresa. Del balance de energía se determinaron las pérdidas no técnicas. En algunos casos no existió suficiente información lo cual no permitió llegar al grado de precisión esperado. ····· 10361117237
für 61.20€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray En este libro se analizan los efectos de los huecos de tensión sobre una máquina de inducción trifásica y la diferencia de los mismos cuando se utilizan los modelos de jaula sencilla y doble jaula con parámetros constantes. Las variables analizadas en este caso son los picos de: intensidad, par y deslizamiento (pérdida de velocidad). Finalmente se obtiene una clasificación de la severidad de los huecos de tensión, cando se utiliza tanto para el modelo de jaula sencilla como el modelo de doble jaula, por medio de las componentes de tensión sin transformar y por medio de la componente de tensión directa. ····· 10361116984
für 61.20€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray En este libro se analizan diferentes técnicas utilizadas para la estimación de los parámetros contantes de los modelos de la máquina de inducción trifásica. También Se diseña la técnica TR, con la cual se identifican los errores más relevantes del comportamiento simulado y se diseña la técnica Torque-Speed-Tracking (TST), que estima los parámetros constantes de los modelos a partir de los puntos proporcionados por el fabricante. Esta técnica es probada con datos experimentales y corrige considerablemente los errores identificados con a técnica TR. Los modelos seleccionados para este diseño son: de jaula sencilla y de doble jaula, sin pérdidas en el entrehierro. Además se diseña una técnica de estimación de parámetros variables (PP) para el modelo de jaula sencilla que parte de puntos experimentales, obteniendo un comportamiento muy similar al obtenido con el modelo de doble jaula de parámetros constantes. ····· 10361116388
für 71.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray Definir los parámetros de polarización de la luz procedente de una muestra aporta una mayor información sobre las propiedades de ésta que la simple medida de la intensidad luminosa difundida. Cuando un haz luminoso sufre una perturbación debida a cualquier interacción con un medio, los campos electromagnéticos del haz incidente y el del haz emergente, expresados en términos de los parámetros de Stokes, pueden ser relacionados mediante la denominada matriz de Mueller. En este aspecto, el conocer la evolución de los parámetros de dicha matriz del sistema, nos permite definir cómo se comporta éste frente a la luz incidente.En esta memoria se presenta una metodología de trabajo y un conjunto de análisis realizados en muestras de diversos tipos: superficies planas micro estructuradas, suspensiones de micro partículas y nano partículas en coloide, sustancias quirales en medios turbios y componentes ópticos y polarimétricos. Además, se han llevado a cabo simulaciones computacionales a fin de estudiar patrones de comportamiento en sistemas complejos, demostrando la validez del método. ····· 10361116282
für 44.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray Este libro explica en forma clara y amena los principios que rigen la regulación del voltaje y la frecuencia en los sistemas eléctricos interconectados. El estilo simple, directo, y profundo que emplea el autor, hacen que este texto sea de gran valor para estudiantes, operadores de centrales eléctricas, administradores del despacho de energía a través de líneas de transmisión, profesionales de los sistemas de control, y del área electromecánica. Prácticamente sin el empleo de fórmulas matemáticas, este libro describe los modos y límites operativos de la máquina sincrónica en el plano P-Q, y analiza el significado de la curva de capacidad (capability curve) del generador. A modo de ejemplo, provee datos pertenecientes al régimen de operación de un generador sincrónico interconectado a la red eléctrica de la República Argentina. Menciona los principales equipos que contribuyen a la regulación del voltaje a través de los métodos tradicionales de provisión de potencia reactiva a las redes eléctricas interconectadas y además, describe las estrategias destinadas a lograr un balance entre la potencia generada y consumida en las mismas, con la finalidad de regular la frecuencia. ····· 10361116242
für 44.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray Brushless dc motors with Hall sensors are widely used in various industrial and electromechanical applications. These machines have often been considered in the literature, under one common assumption ideal placement of the sensors, which is often not the case, especially for low-precision motors. This thesis is composed of three manuscripts which investigate the unbalance of Hall sensors and propose methods to eliminate its adverse effects. The studies presented here show that misalignment of Hall sensors leads to unbalanced operation of the inverter and motor phases, which in turn results in increased low-frequency harmonics in torque ripple, possible acoustic noise, and degradation of the overall drive performance. The presented research considers a typical industrial brushless dc motor and includes measurements, detailed models and hardware experiments to validate the analysis. The proposed averaging approach is shown to achieve performance characteristics very close to those of a motor with perfectly balanced Hall sensors. ····· 10361115449
für 53.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray This study was initiated as a response to a challenge faced by coal fired power stations both nationally and internationally. It was found that there was a large degree of damage caused by `pitting`to the turbines in spite of the high purity of water used, possibly related to the acids generated at high temperatures. In light of this, a relatively simple method for determination of short chain organic acids was identified by comparing the efficiency of several methods. This book contains the comparative study between high performance liquid chromatography methods using ion exclusion and partition chromatography in order to find the most feasible method that can be used with aqueous environmental samples. The information in this book is therefore not only useful to improve the industrial health of power stations but is also applicable to environmental studies as well. ····· 10361115189
für 53.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray In recent years, the demand for processing of biomedical images has been steadily growing due to an emerging developments of imaging tools in biomedical area. The main task of this book was to reconstruct the 3D image of a mouse axon from its 2D cross-section images. New mathematical methods were designed to achieve this. The 3D reconstruction involves three steps: preprocessing, segmenting and tracking of the images. For each step, commonly used methods have been applied but the results were unsatisfactory, hence a new method for each step was designed. The newly designed methods not only work well in the mice axon reconstruction, but also can be applied to other images of similar tasks. The flowcharts provided in this book could be generalized to many application, and therefore, will be of importance to academics, researchers and practitioners in a wide range of disciplines that require 3-D reconstruction as well as image segmentations. ····· 10361114280
für 44.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray World is facing severe energy crisis, the most excellent way to overcome the energy crisis is using renewable energy resources. Thousands of gallon of water have been wasted through our sewage system, if we use that water to produce electricity that will be beneficial. The main purpose of this project is to present a new alternative method for electric power generation based on utilizing waste water. ····· 10361113958
für 45.80€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray Aufgrund ihrer vielfältigen Anwendbarkeit z.B. im Explosionsschutz, zur Detektion von Gaslecks, zu Emissionsmessungen oder in der Prozessüberwachung wächst der globale Markt für Gassensor- und Gasanalysesysteme stetig. Als optischer Gassensor findet dabei gerade der Halbleiterlaser ein immer breiteres Anwendungsspektrum. Im Wellenlängenbereich von ca. 2,8 µm bis ca. 4 µm standen bis vor kurzem jedoch keine Halbleiterdiodenlaser zur Verfügung, die bei Raumtemperatur im Dauerstrichbetrieb arbeiten und dabei die benötigte Leistung erbringen. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es daher, den Wellenlängenbereich GaSb-basierter Laser zu erweitern und so die fundamentalen Absorptionsmoden weiterer Gase für die Detektion zugänglich zu machen. Parallel wurde die Untersuchung und Verbesserung fundamentaler Wachstums- und Laserparameter angestrebt. ····· 10361108000· 1 ·· 2 ·· 3 ·· 4 ·· 5 ·· 6 ·· 7 ·· 8 ·· 9 ·
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