für 48.80€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray The proper description of the static equilibrium properties and the dynamic behavior of many-particle systems is one of the oldest problems in theoretical physics. This very general problem is highly relevant for most fields of physics. In the present work, several aspects in the context of this problem are investigated. These aspects concern the Brownian dynamics of interacting anisotropic colloidal particles, that can be passive (colloidal liquid crystals) or active (self-propelled microswimmers). The main part of this work is subdivided into three chapters. In the first chapter, the Brownian dynamics of an individual active colloidal particle with arbitrary shape is investigated. After the formulation of the corresponding Langevin equation, analytical solutions for some special cases are derived and numerical solutions for more general situations are presented. Taking the example of a spherical colloidal particle, the effect of an imposed shear flow is discussed also. The second chapter considers the collective dynamics of a large set of interacting active colloidal particles with arbitrary shape. Starting from the appropriate many-particle Smoluchowski equation, classical dynamical density functional theory is generalized to arbitrarily shaped active or passive colloidal particles. It is proved, that this new and generalized dynamical density functional theory can be reformulated in terms of the variational optimization of a dissipation functional. This alternative representation of dynamical density functional theory allows an easier and much faster derivation of the dynamic equations of phase field crystal models with various order-parameter fields than the traditional formulation of dynamical density functional theory. The reformulation with a dissipation functional additionally establishes a basis for the interpretation of dynamical density functional theory out of linear irreversible thermodynamics. The third chapter finally treats the statics and dynamics of colloidal liquid crystals by means of microscopic, mesoscopic, and macroscopic classical mean-field theories. Using static and dynamical density functional theory (microscopic), phase field crystal models (mesoscopic) for apolar and polar colloidal liquid crystals in two and three spatial dimensions are derived and compared with static and dynamic symmetry-based approaches (macroscopic) on the basis of classical Ginzburg-Landau theory and generalized hydrodynamics. The results obtained in this work can, for example, be applied to colloidal liquid crystals in order to explore their equilibrium phase diagram and phase transition dynamics as well as to the dissipative dynamics of topological defects in liquid crystalline phases and to artificial microswimmers or living microorganisms in order to describe their nonequilibrium swarming behavior. The results are also of more fundamental interest, since they help to clarify the relationship between classical density functional theory, phase field crystal models, and symmetry-based macroscopic approaches. ····· 10361107690
für 48.80€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray Collective phenomena in lipid membranes, like pore formation and fusion, selfassembly, or lateral demixing of lipid mixtures, have attracted tremendous interest over the last years. Often, collective phenomena involve mesoscopic time and length scales, microseconds and micrometers, which are difficult to observe directly in experiments and which are at present beyond the scales that can be addressed by models with atomistic resolution. The reduced number of degrees of freedom and the softer potentials in coarse-grained models open up the opportunity to address the mesoscopic scales computationally and to gain qualitative insights. In this work we present a solvent-free, coarse-grained model for amphiphilic bilayers. The molecules are represented by linear bead-spring chains and the non-bonded interactions are derived from a classical density functional, which is an expansion of the free energy in terms of weighted molecular densities up to third order. Within the mean-field approximation the involved expansion coefficients and weighting functions can be utilized to tune the equation of state and the local, fluid structure of the model independently. We employ Dissipative Particle Dynamics (DPD) simulations to study the properties of the model numerically. ····· 10361107306
für 71.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray In this book, various types of entanglement have been discussed for systems start from a pure state or mixed states and many new features have been discovered. A general expression of the mixed state entanglement is obtained with the physical significance (with or without the diagonal approximation treatments). The particular advantages of using Shannon entropy are highlighted and the information entropy for different cases has been discussed. Also, the atomic inversion of cold atoms in a microcavity when its center-of-mass (CM) motion is described quantum mechanically is presented, but is distinguished from other treatments by the inclusion of the spatial variation along the cavity axis. It is shown that the spatial dependence of the atomic inversion is very sensitive to changes of the atomic CM motion, as well as the cavity length. For a three-level ultra-cold atoms, different behaviors in the atomic emission are demonstrated for the change in cavity length. ····· 10361102986
für 53.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray Positron is the simplest antimatter particle, and it is the electron`s unsociable twin, they have identical characters with opposite electric charges. Thus, when they meet spatially they annihilate each other. This particle has drawn attention since the early days of nuclear era, since it proved vital theories such as Einstein`s mass-energy equivalence law. The existence of such natural entities is, however, ruled by many physical laws similar to those of the (negative) electron. This book discusses the physical nature of positrons in a straightforward yet explicable way and reviews the wide scientific applications, specially experimental ones, by means of the nondestructive Positron Annihilation Lifetime Spectroscopy (PALS). The applications are focused on solid organic polymer samples, vis., LDPE, HDPE and PMMA, subjected to gamma and beta low dose nuclear radiations. PALS spectra are collected in the laboratory and used to calculate the free volume (Vh), a micro-physical quantity aimed to explore the molecular structure of industrial substances. The correlation between radiation damages and Vh is thoroughly discussed and compared for both types of radiations. ····· 10361100953
für 71.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray Nowadays, the accepted model of elementary particles is the known as Standard Model, which consists of quarks and leptons. Only the up and down quarks form the hadrons of ordinary matter. The other quarks, as the strange one, only appear in the colliding machines when the center of mass energy of the reaction is much larger than the mass of the strange hadron. Since strange mesons and baryons produced are not present at the beginning of a collision, the study of their rate production provide valuable information about the mechanism of strangeness production, both in perturbative and non-perturbative regimes, as well as the dynamics of the strong force through the flavour production in colour confinement processes. One direct application of the results of this work is the comparison of phenomenologycal models to the measured rate of strangeness, which is fundamental for the test and the optimization parameters in Monte Carlo programs. ····· 10361100342
für 53.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray NV centers in a diamond are proving themselves to be good building blocks for quantum information, electron spin resonance (ESR) imaging, and sensor applications. The key feature of the NV is that it has an electron spin that can be polarized and read out at room temperature. The readout is optical, thus the magnetic field imaging can also be done easily. Magnetic field variation with feature sizes below 0.3 microns cannot be directly resolved, and so in this region magnetic resonance imaging must be employed. To realize the full sensitivity of NV diamond, the spin transition linewidth must be as narrow as possible. Additionally, in the case of NV ensembles for micron-sized magnetometers, there must be a high concentration of NV. To this end three techniques are explored: (1) Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) imaging with microwave field gradients, (2) Magic angle rotation of magnetic field, and (3) TEM irradiation to optimize the yield of NV in a diamond. ····· 1036199576
für 44.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray Carbon Nanotubes have aroused great excitement recently. What is so special about them The answer lies in their unique physical properties, which span a wide range from structural to electronics. Carbon Nanotubes are cylindrical molecules with a diameter of as little as 1 nanometer and length up to many micrometers. They consist of only carbon atoms. Carbon Nanotubes have a light weight and high elastic modulus, and they are predicted to be by far the strongest fibers that can be made. Their high strength is accompanied by their ability to buckle in a reversible manner. In this book, 3D multi species heat and fluid flow analysis of argon ferrocene mixture in a high temperature reactor has been carried out by using CFD tools, GAMBIT for modeling & meshing and FLUENT for analysis. The data is generated by considering different boundary conditions and different mass flow rates of argon and ferrocene. ····· 1036199294
für 53.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray With the reliance in the processing of quantum information on a maximally entangled pure state resource combined with the field interaction, we look, in this thesis, at various means of recovering the pure entangled states. Primarily, we investigate the quantum entropy and Pancharatnam phase in some optical systems. par To be more precisely, the aim of this thesis is, on one side, to illustrate and analyze various puzzling phenomena that are due to the quantum entanglement and related to the atom-field interaction.On the other side, the aim of the thesis is to discuss some main basic concepts, methods and results of the already very rich body of knowledge obtained recently at the attempts to understand, qualitatively and quantatively, quantum phase (qp) as well as its properties, structures and potentials for applications. The Pancharatnam phase of a $Lambda$-configuration three-level atom placed in a photonic band gap (PBG) material driven by a classical laser field and coupled to a continuum of vacuum modes of an electromagnetic field is disussed. ····· 1036199036
für 61.20€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray This book is based on my PhD thesis where I explored the electronic structure calculation of semiconductor quantum dots.All the calculations are based on density functional theory based ab-initio method.The optical properties of Silicon cluster and Quantum Confinement Effect were studied.Also the adsorption of Silicon clusters on metallic (Au/Ag) and insulating(MgO)surface were investigated in order to understand the charge transfer process between adsorbates and surfaces.This can be leading towards catalytic behavior as well studying the gas phase clusters on different surfaces.Also by exploring the nature of optical spectra of Silicon cluster one can understand the optical response of Nano cluster and this may lead to creation of Nano crystalline Silicon Solar Cell.The extensive study of electronic structure optimization of different nano cluster in different size regime had been done by keeping in mind the gloabal minimum structures.For all the calculations VASP,CPMD and PARSEC were used as computing code along with several fortran codes as the post processing program. The readers will be beneficial in terms of getting a profound knowledge in electronic structure calculations. ····· 1036198647
für 61.20€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray One of the most important findings in string theory is that of the existence of D-branes, nonperturbative objects of various dimensions in which realistic gauge dynamics can be localized. They are thus an invaluable tool when trying to embed realistic model building scenarios in string theory, since in particular they allow for the construction of localized realistic four dimensional gauge theories. In this work it is shown how D-branes allow one to engineer sectors in which supersymmetry is spontaneously broken in a metastable vacuum, the breaking of supersymmetry being transmitted by gauge mediation to a visible sector a realization in string theory of the popular GMSB mechanism in particle physics model building. The continuity of non-perturbative effects coming from euclidean D-branes as one changes the vacuum is also analyzed, showing the importance of considering multi-instanton effects for having a global view of the moduli space. This work should be of interest to those working on model building in string theory, and more generally to anyone interested in the theoretical tools used in modern string phenomenology. ····· 1036192418
für 61.20€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray Aggressive integrated circuit density increase and power supply scaling have propelled Single Event Effects to the forefront of reliability concerns in ground-based and space-bound electronic systems. This study focuses on modeling of Single Event physical phenomena. To enable performing reliability assessment, a complete simulation platform named Tool suIte for rAdiation Reliability Assessment (TIARA) has been developed that allows performing sensitivity prediction of different digital circuits (SRAM, Flip-Flops, etc.) in different radiation environments and at different operating conditions (power supply voltage, altitude, etc.) TIARA has been extensively validated with experimental data for space and terrestrial radiation environments using different test vehicles manufactured by STMicroelectronics. Finally, the platform has been used during rad-hard digital circuits design and to provide insights into radiation-induced upset mechanisms down to CMOS 20nm technological node. ····· 1036192320
für 44.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray Gaussian distributions are used to model the absorbance property of an object, since they closely approximate the physical process involved electronic transition absorptions. Each absorption process involved electronic transition absorptions. Each absorption process is represented by three parameters: amplitude, band width, and location of the peak wave length. The absorption profile of a given object is represented by several overlapping Gaussian distributions. Band deconvolution is developed based on these Gaussian functions. The absorption spectrum of coffee is a convolution of caffeine and other water soluble compounds of coffee, which are considered as interfering matrix elements. The absorption profile of these interfering matrix elements are modeled by five overlapping Gaussian distributions. Subtracting the convolution of these Gaussian functions from the absorption spectrum of coffee gives the caffeine spectrum. Deconvolution is the procedure of undoing that of smearing in an effort to see what the true profile would look like. ····· 1036192243
für 64.71€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray Optical tweezer technique for molecular trapping is becoming of increasing importance for numerous biological applications. The main objective of this study was to investigate the dynamical behavior of the optical tweezers signals in microring resonators (MRR). Operating system consists of modified nonlinear add-drop optical filter made of InGaAsP/InP integrated together with a series of nonlinear nanoring resonators. This particular form is known as a PANDA ring resonator. Different models of operating system were designed and optical transfer functions for each model were derived by using Z-transform method. Simulation results were obtained from MATLAB2010a program by using parameters of practical devices. ····· 1036191545
für 61.20€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray This study focused on the performance of where elements analyzing techniques were used to detect the elements of Granite stones. Neutron Activation Analysis (NAA) and X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) were applied to study the elements in the samples which were chosen from different areas of Penang Island in Malaysia colleted by geophysics group. Certified reference materials, which helped to describe and identify the elements found in the Granite stone, were used in the study procedures to control the analytical results. The integration of both methods has enabled the researcher to determine 40 elements in the samples. The use of XRF analysis with Americium-241 (Am-241) as an excitation source which has an excitation energy and activity equal to 59.53 KeV, 100 mCi, respectively. All the samples were exposed to gamma radiation for 24 hours with constant thickness (3 mm) and different weights from 8.7 to 13.34 g. On the other hand, the researcher has carried out the experiments under the certain procedures. The researcher has used NAA with the source (Am-241, Ba-133) as an excitation source but with different excitation energy (10 MeV) using Rector of Malaysia(Mint). ····· 1036191313
für 35.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray En el presente trabajo se describen los procesos experimentales y se plantean varios modelos teóricos que permiten determinar el comportamiento electromagnético, térmico, óptico y en frecuencia de materiales cerámicos amorfos, en condiciones de laboratorio utilizados en el proceso de fabricación fundamentalmente, de piso cerámico. Uno de los aspectos relevantes de los resultados presentados en este informe, es la posibilidad de usar esta clase de materiales para la fabricación de sensores de humedad y detección de campo electroamgnético, debido a la presencia de histéresis magnética y respuesta piezoeléctrica a la deformación mecánica de su estructura molecular. Cabe destacar que la presión de prensado y la humedad relativa de las muestras objeto de eestudio, juegan un papel preponderante en el momento de construir prototipos de sensores de humedad, pues dependiendo de ellos, los datos medidos deben ser tratados con un modelo estadístico. ····· 1036189580
für 53.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray The way matter changes its state is through emission or absorption of light quanta, the so-called photons. Things around us are exchanging photons between themselves in a continuous, unstoppable chain of interactions. This is what makes the Universe alive. This book guides the reader to understanding how matter and photons are described in quantum mechanics as well as to mastering their interactions. ····· 1036189294
für 44.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray The development of simple analytical method(s) for solving the first-order wave functions and the second-order energy for two-electron atoms has remained a major challenge of theoretical atomic physics. The failure to overcome this challenge has motivated progress in the variational-perturbation method. However, the main drawback of the method is that it fails to directly account for the mechanisms which cause nuclear charge screening usually introduced as one of the variation parameters. In the book, we have developed a simple analytical solution to the Schrödinger equation for two-electron atoms based on a model that formulates the role of the repulsive electron-electron interaction term in nuclear charge screening. We have obtained an analytical expression of the first-order perturbed wave functions for two-electron atoms in the model and applied it to calculate second-order energy. The general analytic structure of the wave functions is an important guideline in the choice of the basis functions for use in the variational calculations. ····· 1036188058
für 53.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray As it is more or less agreed that atmospheric ozone is created by the action of sunlight on Oxygen, it might reasonably by expected that the Ozone amount would be at maximum in Summer and at a minimum in Winter. Observations show that this is not the case, But theories suggest a maximum Ozone in quantity in Summer (June) and a minimum in Winter (December) in N-hemisphere whilst in reality the maximum in high N-latitudes is about March and the minimum about October. The discrepancy between theory and observation is most probably due to meteorological processes. One of the most important minor constituents of air is triatomic Oxygen (O3). Ozone has been existed in the atmosphere. Results had demonstrated and suggested that the absence of the part of the sun s spectra in the Ultra-Violet band be due to absorption by atmospheric Ozone. There are many kinds of measurements and observations of the total amount of Ozone. The measurements come from the ground-based instruments (DOBSON and BREWER Spectrometer) during scientific missions and TOMS (Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer) Satellite. ····· 1036188042
für 53.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray The study of internal structure of baryons is considered as one of the active areas in hadronic physics as it provides valuable insight into the nonperturbative aspects of QCD. The structure of baryons at low energies is probed through the spin and flavor dynamics of quarks. In low energy regime, Chiral constituent quark model with spin-spin generated configuration mixing successfully explains the spin and flavor structure of baryons. The application of this model has been extended to study the various low energy hadronic matrix elements having implications for the flavor and spin dynamics. In particular, a satisfactory fit is obtained for the quark and antiquark flavor distribution functions, magnetic moments, charge radii, quadrupole moments, weak vector and axial-vector form factors, etc.. We have found a good overall agreement with experimental data as well as with other phenomenological models. The results can perhaps be substantiated by a measurement of the these observables by the future experiments. ····· 1036187907
für 44.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray We have given a brief note on Nanotechnology, Nanoscience, Nanomaterials and their applications in this book. Nanotechnology is a Study of manipulating matter on atomic or molecular scale. It creates many materials and devices with high performance for vast range of applications. Also, Photoelectric effect, Photoelectrons, Hertz effect, Photo-conductivity, Photoconducting materials, Photo-sensitivity, Photo-detectors, Nano Sized Photodetector, Nanowires and UV Photodetecting Nanowires are discussed in this work. An attempt has been made to analyze the activities of Silver nanoparticles on Gram negative and Gram positive Bacteria. Changes in Lattice constant of Silver nanoparticles have been investigated. Some of our guest lecture works, seminar presentations and research works have been compiled. This work will be helpful to acquire a basic knowledge about and nanomaterials and Photoconductivity. We feel that this book will serve as a good survey and act as a good guide for nanotechnology and nanoscience. This work is expected to throw some light on and help further studies. ····· 1036187794
für 44.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray When we come across something unfamiliar in the ordinary everyday world, we might prod and poke it with a stick, or smell it or taste it to see what it is. There might for instance be little resistance on our stick if the object happens to be a jellyfish, or a considerable amount of resistance if it is a lump of basalt, and this resistance tells us something about the composition of the object. This is what we do with electrons we throw a few electrons at the atoms and by noticing how they respond, we get some idea about what sort of things atoms are. Electrons are our sticks, and they help us find out what makes atoms tick.In this book we theoretically calculate the probability of interaction between the target and the electrons by using a spherical complex optical potential. ····· 1036187489
für 53.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray Scientists use carefully designed experiments to acquire basic understanding of the physical world. A large number of physics experiments are done by scattering various particles to study their behavior thus to gain insight into how they interact. In studying the nuclear force, neutron-proton scattering provides an unique angle into learning how fundamental particles such as nucleons interact with each other. One basic parameter in describing the Nucleon-Nucleon (NN) interaction is the NN coupling constant, the precise value of which has been in great controversy. Different models of physics give values differing up to 10%. The accuracy of the NN coupling constant is important in understanding nucleon-nucleon interactions as well as other related phenomena such as chiral symmetry breaking in field theories and properties of two-nucleon systems such as the deuteron. In neutron-proton (np) scattering, the spin-transfer coefficient KNN` is a measurable quantity which directly relates to the +/- NN coupling constant, g2c. Precise measurement of the spin-transfer coefficient can be used to put constraint on the coupling constant, thus improve the accuracy of its value. ····· 1036186789
für 44.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray Gamma-ray spectrometry is a non-destructive technique which has the advantage of not requiring laborious sample preparation. However, in order to obtain activity concentration values in the analyzed samples or the environment, prior knowledge of the full-energy peak efficiency (at each photon energy) for given measurement conditions is required. Usually the efficiency calibration of gamma-ray spectrometric systems is based on the use of standard radioactive sources of very similar geometrical dimensions, density, and chemical composition to the sample under study. To have calibration sources similar to the samples implies conditions that cannot be fulfilled in many cases. One effective procedure to overcome these difficulties is the use of Monte Carlo simulation, which allows the peak efficiencies to be calculated taking into account the detailed characteristics of the detector and sample. In this work, examples on how Monte Carlo simulation is applied for self absorption corrections (environmental samples) and efficiency calibration of detectors for in situ measurements are presented. The methodology used for uncertainty calculation in gamma-ray spectrometry is described. ····· 1036186616
····· lezzter Preis 39.50€ ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray Ludwig Boltzmann war ein österreichischer Physiker und gilt als Begründer der Entropieformel der mikrokanonischen Gesamtheit:S = kB ln Seine Populären Schriften sind eine Zusammenstellung der eigenen Werke und Vorträge zur Physik, Mathematik und Philosophie sowie einiger Worte zu Kollegen seines Fachs. Boltzmanns Leitspruch: Bring vor, was wahr ist schreib so, dass es klar ist und verficht`s, bis es mit dir gar ist! findet sich auch in seinen Schriften wieder. Seine klare Ausdrucksweise und anschauliche Erklärung physikalischer Phänomene machen dieses Werk trotz seines komplexen Inhalts zu einer äußerst lesenswerten Lektüre. ····· 1036174698· 1 ·· 2 ·· 3 ·
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