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INFLUENCES AND PROCESSES INVOLVED IN GENERATING CREATIVE PRODUCTS

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Creativity is the ability to bring something new into existence consciously with something new` being a product resulting from a process initiated by a person. It may be an idea, an artwork of acknowledged greatness, a scientific discovery, the solution to a problem, leadership abilities, or theories and products that are unique and novel. Influences involved in generating creative products include the social and historical milieu in which creativity is carried out, a culturally defined domain, the creative person`s personality, cognitive factors, and motivational characteristics. Research on creative processes mostly involves scientific insight. It includes processes of memory, intelligence, reasoning by analogies, problem solving and problem finding. These processes manifest through convergent, divergent, and analogous thinking tasks. Finding correlations between cognitive processes associated with scientific insight and design abilities of landscape architects, recognizes landscape architecture as a field where creative genius occur. ····· 10361101482

IDENTIFICATION OF A DOMINANT DEFENSE MECHANISM FOR CHILDREN:

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Although fear is an integral part of normal human functioning,it is important to obtain knowledge of children`s normative fear and defense mechanism in order for parents and caregivers to understand and contribute towards mediating potentially stressful experiences of children in their care. This combined qualitative and quantitative study aimed to identify a dominant defense mechanism for children in their middle childhood in dealing with fear. In order to reach the aim of this study a conceptual framework was done exploring terms central to this project including development in middle childhood, fear, coping mechanisms and mechanisms of defense. Semi-structured, face-to-face interviews were conducted with eleven children in their middle childhood, in the southern suburbs of Cape Town, exploring their expressed fear and the defense mechanism used. The data collected during these interviews were then analyzed and several findings were identified and explored by conducting a literature control. The implications of the study`s findings are discussed, as well as the limitations of the study and suggestions for future research is part of the concluding chapter of this research report. ····· 10361101477

The Way of Camino Santiago de Compostela

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The Camino is not well known to the man in the street, and less as therapy. Since pilgrimage is mainly associated with religious practice and penance in the West, the author has taken a multi-disciplinary approach to step-wise describe the Camino history, phenomenon, and walking processes, as to present and promote it as a self-help tool to a wider public. In cross-cultural interviews with pilgrims, the author reveals that people walk this way for far more personal, spiritual and relational than religious reasons, such as seeking their sense of self and existential meaning. The author shows how walking the Camino helps reclaim and reinforce the spirit, eliciting reflection in the encounter with others, oneself and nature, revaluating and giving new life perspectives and truths. The book is thus useful as a spiritual and practical guide to people who are considering walking the Way or alternative ways of self-healing. Likewise, it is enlightening to therapists who have never heard about walk therapy, towards which the author disclaims surrounding scepticisms, and argue for its need and approval by documenting its psycho-physio-spiritual beneficial effects and therapeutic potential. ····· 10361101211

Resilience and Executive Functioning

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The repercussions of a diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis and the experience of Traumatic Brain Injury burrow deep into the foundations of a person s being. TBI and MS effects individuals employment abilities, changes families, alters personalities and disrupts mood states. Yet despite these challenges, there are individuals who are able to adapt,to bounce back with minimal disruption to their lives. These individuals use resilient behaviors which can be learned and interwoven with contextual life experiences. Similarly,executive functioning skills, which might be compromised as a result of frontal lobe injury, or MS, can be cued and re-learned, given the right structure, context and support.In doing so, individuals develop foundations, which will help them to be more resilient. This book presents a clinical intervention which helps build the foundations of resilience and executive functioning. A sample of people with frontal lobe injury and multiple sclerosis are observed, interviewed and assessed. Their stories and struggles provide an inside look into how individuals `bounce back` from the challenges of coping with trauma and life long disabilities. ····· 10361101206

Effects of Dual Task Practice in Elderly

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Human Beings face several situations in their daily life which involve the simultaneous performance of two tasks,like reading the sign board while driving a car.Such dual task conditions often result in the detoriation in the performance of any one or both the tasks. This is more pronounced in the elderly, making them more prone to falls and accidents.Thus, this study aims at researching the effect practice can have in such tasking conditions in the elderly. The study aims to use the results in developing training programs for the elderly which can easily be applied in real life situatons thus reducing the rate of mortality and morbidity associated with falls in this poppulation. ····· 10361101140

Suicide Ideation

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Suicide, the endpoint of the continuum that begins with suicide ideation, is an important precursor of attempted suicides. The purpose of this study was to investigate sex differences in suicide ideation as well as the coping strategies used by university students. The convenience sample was drawn from first year psychology students at Fort Hare University (East London Campus). The Positive and Negative Suicidal Ideation Scale (PANSI), and The Coping Across Situations Questionnaire (CASQ) were administered. The results of this study show that of the sample (N= 131), PANSI NI showed that (7.6%) of respondents had thought that their problems were so overwhelming that suicide was seen as the only option for them. The male (N=33) and female (N=98) T- tests results on suicide ideation indicated that males implement active coping and withdrawal coping while females deal with their problems by using an internal coping strategy. ····· 10361101137

Initiation of Collaborative Thinking Activity Self-Organization

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Collaborative thinking activity integrates phenomenon when small group (2-5 persons) solves the problem or task and makes the decisions together. Collaborative thinking activity is described as generation of individual and common new formations: goals, senses and motives. Basing on the analyses of the experimental studies the specific patterns of the functioning and development of individual and common new formations are shown. Conceptions of the world image are discussed, the role of the world image in thinking activity is shown. The main criteria of incorporating the information into the world image are determinated. The influence of each participant during the processes of the incorporation, production and development of the individual and common new formations is ascertained. Psychological situation is represented as active part of the world image and it is considered to be the source of new formations generation. The common psychological situation includes two areas: value-semantic structure and potential active area. The model of collaborative thinking activity self-organization, which theoretically interprets the contributions of participants in new formations, is presented. ····· 10361100925

Counselling Handbook for University and Colleges

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It is essential that students in the educational institutions are helped and guided to take up courses and careers suited to their needs, interests and aptitudes, so that they become efficient workers. For optimum individual, social and national development, guidance and counseling needs to be made a regular and continuous activity in University level.Academic guidance and counselling is mainly on the curriculum-related needs of the learner. Courses to enrol, how to carry out assignments and projects, how to prepare for examinations, effective study habits, and how to remedy weaknesses in particular courses are some of these needs. These forms the core of the business the learner routinely engages in academic institution. The finer focus of this booklet will, therefore, be on this category of guidance and counselling service.The focus of our attention should be to determine what kind of non-specialised guidance and counselling service higher education counsellors can offer in order to promote meaningful learning.This book has explored all areas that need attention for a college and University Student. This book is good for both the lecturer and the student.Good for all institutes ····· 10361100902

Life Style, Health and Well-being among Teenagers

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Under the impact of rapid consumerism, technological boom and changing social contexts, teenager s life style has undergone vulnerable shifts. However, despite of media attention and awareness, academic research on adolescent life style is lacking. Therefore, the present sequel of three studies, using insights from psychological theories and Vedic wisdom, explores paradox of teenagers life style, examines its value for their health, provides comprehensive model of life style, and develops and evaluates life style counseling for effective promotion of adolescent health and well-being. It also imparts fascinating insights of ancient spiritual sages of India for transforming physique, psyche and soul and summarizes recent psychological strategies for changing life style. In the context of recent global challenges for wellness and climate change, the study reflects major implications for school health education and life style changes for cure and prevention of illnesses, promoting wellness and demoting climate change. This book is immensely useful for research scholars, policy makers, school counselors, parents, teenagers and the general public too. ····· 10361100347

Past and Present Rites of Passage and their Effect on Self Esteem

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Rites of passage were historically an integral and formal part of a young person s journey toward adulthood and thus, were a major component in the development of self-esteem. This thesis considers adolescent rites of passage as an archetypal need. The author explores how modern manifestations of these ancient rites lack mentorship and reincorporation into the community. Twenty-eight youths working as crewmembers for the Youth Corps of Southern Arizona (YCOSA) were surveyed pre and post-course to measure differences in self-esteem during an eight week wilderness program. Quantitative data revealed a statistically significant increase in self-esteem as measured by both the Coopersmith (1975) and Rosenberg (1989) self-esteem inventories, and empirical results suggests the experience was life changing, and that programs such of these may serve as modern day rites of passage for today s youth. ····· 10361100146

Parental-Adolescents Relationships and Premarital Sex

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Sexual experience among adolescents is becoming more common and its initiation early despite its negative consequences which may precipitate a crisis of personal, interpersonal, religious and medical dimensions due to numerous related complications and higher adolescent mortality. The purpose of the study was to examine whether premarital sex among Mbarara Municipality (Uganda) secondary school adolescents of both sexes, aged 15-21 relate to the relationship they have with their parents. The study revealed that the relationship between parents and adolescents was significantly and inversely related to adolescents involvement in premarital sex. It further showed that both boys and girls respond to equally to the relationship they have with their parents. By reading this book parents will find help not only for themselves but also insight into being able to help their children with the challenge in today s world. Adolescents need guidance and support of parents (family), community and attention of government committed to their healthy development. ····· 10361100118

The Leader`s Incompetence

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This PhD thesis is situated in the field of work and organizational psychology and focuses on subordinate perspectives of leader competence and incompetence. Many organizations rely on leaders to lead subordinates toward effectiveness. However, leaders are not always competent and/or they are perceived as incompetent by their subordinates. Leader incompetence has negative but also positive effects on subordinates. One main goal of my thesis was to investigate the subordinate`s perceptions and behaviors toward an incompetent leader. Also, I was interested in the potential consequences of leader incompetence on different outcomes, such as subordinate satisfaction and dydic performance. I concentrated on two main types of (in)competence: task (in)competence and interpersonal (in)competence. To study these topics, I conducted five lab studies (three articles) mainly simulating leader-subordinate interactions on a problem-solving task. Results revealed not only negative but also positive impacts of leader (in)competence. Theoretical implications as well as future research directions are discussed. Finally, main applied implications and practical advice are suggested. ····· 10361100079

Fragmented self, archetypal forces and the embodied mind

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This study concerns the relationship of the mind-body split to trauma, sexual abuse, dissociation and memory recall. The researcher postulates that traumatized psychic elements reside in cellular blocks and non-integrating neural circuits within the body. The qualitative investigation was prompted by two differing life-transforming experiences initiated by memory recall. A small quantitative study was designed to test the hypothesis that the body contains and releases encoded memories. Covert neuromuscular and cardiovascular measurements were taken using EMG, skin temperature and heartrate to monitor mind-body interactive patterns occurring during memory recall. The researcher utilized hypnosis and ideomotor finger responses to induce regression and initiate response. Questions were open-ended. The study sessions were 20 to 35 minutes for each of the eight co-researchers. The physiologic measurements were supportive of psychobiological changes during memory recall and self-report. Responses were elevated when memories were associated with sexual abuse or abuse to the body. The Sign test was positive for all subjects after base-line calibration, giving a probability factor of .035. ····· 1036199911

Individual Differences and Cognitive Dissonance

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Cognitive dissonance is a frequent occurrence in our daily life. However, less than 1% of the studies of cognitive dissonance have also investigated individuals personality traits. Individual differences might be quite important in moderating the strength of dissonance effects. Although cognitive dissonance is a common occurrence in most people s everyday life, the magnitude of the dissonance they experience may nonetheless differ from one person to another. The purpose of the study in this book is to investigate the relationships between personality traits and cognitive dissonance in a counter-attitudinal advocacy paradigm, with a special focus on the traits of openness to experience and strength of sense of self, and to examine whether the relationships in a novel on-line survey study form were different from the relationships in the standard laboratory setting. ····· 1036199840

A Dance and Movement Intervention for Clinically Diagnosed Adolescents

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This study was aimed at determining the effect of a dance and movement intervention on the perceived emotional well-being and self-esteem of a group of in-patient adolescents in Weskoppies Psychiatric Hospital located in South Africa. A quantitative study, using a quasi-experimental design, was carried out using the positive and negative affect scale for children (PANAS-C) and the Rosenberg self-esteem scale to measure the two independent variables, namely perceived emotional well-being and self-esteem. There were four participants in the experimental group and six in the control group. A between-group comparison was made between the pre-test and post-test scores of the two groups. Both groups completed the positive and negative affect scale for children (PANAS-C) and the Rosenberg self-esteem scale at which point the experimental group took part in a two week, twelve session, dance and movement intervention program. After two weeks both groups once again completed these two measures. Although the results were statistically non-significant, effect size and outcome patterns pointed to an improvement in these two variables due to the intervention program. ····· 1036199771

Attributional Style, Hopelessness and Depression in Adolescents

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Hopelessness theory of depression is a cognitive diathesis-stress theory which specifies depressogenic inferential/ attributional styles as the factors which make an individual prone to develop either the sub-clinical depressive mood reactions or clinically significant levels of depressive symptomatology depending upon the intensity of the negative events that one comes a across and generalizeability of subsequently developed hopelessness. It emphasizes that one who sees negative events as arising from internal, stable and global causes are especially vulnerable to hopelessness and in turn depression.Thus, abstaining from making negative attributions can prevent us from becoming hopeless and consequently, hope can hoard us from vulnerability to depression. ····· 1036199639

Examining the Context of Sexual Aggression

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Sexual aggression, encompassing behaviors ranging from coerced sexual contact to rape, is an epidemic with consistently high rates on college campuses, despite decades of prevention efforts. However, previous work in this area has focused almost entirely on person-level factors associated with sexually aggressive men, disregarding the broader context in which these acts occur. A broader approach may be needed in order to improve intervention and outreach programs on college campuses. This work examines the problem of sexual aggression using a public health model, analyzing this epidemic based on the interactions between the person, his environment, and the specific situations in which sexual aggression is likely to occur. This work includes an empirical, mixed-method examination of these factors in college men, as well as a framework for future research based on this model. The inclusion of these factors may be critical in connecting with men who have the potential to engage in sexually aggressive behavior, and these factors also may be more amenable to direct intervention, in contrast to previous approaches that targeted only person-level factors. ····· 1036199628

The Prefrontal - Hippocampal Pathway and Behavioural Inhibition

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Behavioural inhibition is the ability to suppress irrelevant behaviours that are either unsafe or are inappropriate for the task at hand. Neuropsychological studies have linked behavioural inhibition primarily to the actions of the medial prefrontal cortex, the hippocampus, as well as several additional regions of the brain. The current investigation addressed the role of the mPFC-hippocampal pathway on behavioural inhibition within the place-preference task. Muscimol, a GABA-A agonist, was used to create a transient block of the prelimbic cortex within the mPFC to examine its effects on both behaviour and on hippocampal electrophysiology in rats. The rationale for this line of inquiry stems from a growing body of research purporting a link between the mPFC and the HPC in terms of theta-coordinated communication between the two regions during mnemonic tasks. ····· 1036199440

Medication`s Effect on Student`s Self-Esteem and Acedemic Performance

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The purpose of this study was to determine how medication affects self-esteem and academic performance in classified students. This study intended to focus on various disorders found in childhood to allow for an understanding of the effects of medication on self-esteem and academic performance in general. Specifically, it was hypothesized that children who receive medication for a disorder would have higher self-esteem and superior academic performance compared to children who do not receive medication. The self-concept scores from previously administered Beck Youth Inventories (BYI) and average academic grades were obtained from 50 students, 25 medicated and 25 not medicated, enrolled in a local school district. Results were analyzed using an independent samples t-test and a Mann-Whitney test, within subjects. The results from each test were compared to the standard BYI scores and average age appropriate academic grades to demonstrate the differences seen in special education students. ····· 1036199345

Emotion Recognition and Fathers` Authoritarianism in Drug Addicts

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Drug Addiction is one of the most complex diseases mankind has ever encountered. It is almost impossible to separate the problems of addiction and its link with problems related to emotions and parenting. Structures of brain associated with different functions related to emotions get affected to various extents as a result of drug addiction. Drug abusers not only have difficulties in expressing emotions but also in identifying them. Most people use drugs to alter their undesired mood and emotional states. Consequently, repeated alterations may result in blunt emotions after a certain period of time. The inability to recognize facial expressions of emotions is one of the major reasons which makes it impossible for drug addicts to adapt to the environment and remain abstinent. The perception of facial expressions of emotions can be influenced by the early social experiences of the children. Lack of close relationship with the father, due to high paternal authoritarianism, very common in socio-cultural context of Pakistan, may result in delinquent or antisocial behavior and can serve as an important predictor for initiation of drug addiction. ····· 1036199324

Driving Violations: Investigating forms of irrational rationality

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The human factor contributes to road crashes but even if this information is interesting it is insufficient. Three different factors have therefore been defined: errors, lapses and violations and the latter, which is a deliberate act, has been found to be the main contributor to road crashes. The aim of this thesis is to explore traffic violations through the use of an extended version of the theory of planned behaviour. The thesis starts with a literature review and then presents the results from four different studies. The results from these studies show that the theory explains 33 to 53% of the variance in intention to violate and that descriptive norm and past behaviour significantly increase the explained variance. With regard to attitudes the general conclusion is that the main difference lay in the effect of positive outcomes. The results also indicates that in the context of driving violations an expressed low level of control over the behaviour could be interpreted as a form of denial of responsibility rather than an inability to control their own actions. Implications of the current findings for the development of intervention programmes are discussed. ····· 1036199246

Information Seeking Behaviour

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Information seeking behaviour is a multifaceted activity, requiring access to varied information resources to deal with work-related, personal, and social information problems. Information-seeking behaviour refers to strategies for locating information, and has three elements: people, information, and systems. The K. N. G. D. Modi Engineering College, library has been providing effective services to the faculty members. Most of the users are satisfied with the services provided by the library and the study focuses that there is a good application of Information Communication Technology (ICT) in the library. Information-seeking behaviour differs from one discipline to another and from one institution or library to another. Library information systems, however, must be capable of handling the complex information need and demands of faculty members, researchers etc. ····· 1036199169

Job Involvement and Quality of Work Life

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The present work is designed to investigate the impact of types of Peed Patterns, Levels of Need Patterns and types of institutions on job involvement and quality of work life of teachers teaching in Government and Non Government educational institution.The sample was restricted to the some districts of Eastern U.P.(India).The result of the present study indicate that the teachers belonging Govt. educational institutions are more job involved than teachers belonging to Non Govt.educational institutions.The teachers of Govt. educational institutions have scored higher than the teachers of Non Govt. educational institutions on quality of work life.The result reveals that the teachers belonging to above average groups differ significantly on quality of work life.Practical implication of the findings have been made explicit and suggestions for future research have been made. ····· 1036199111

Self-conscious Emotions in Psychopathology

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The phenomenon of self-conscious emotions has been introduced to the field of clinical psychology in recent years. Empirical studies which have been conducted along with theoretical developments have supported the significance of these emotions in psychopathology. The nature of these emotions involves awareness of others and self-evaluations which are susceptible to social influence. Therefore, cultural insight gains importance, as well. This book contains both theoretical background and empirical studies about self conscious emotions. The ultimate purpose of these studies presented in this book is to uncover the relationships between psychopathological symptoms and self-conscious emotions by examining individual differences in terms of deviation from the common ground while benefiting from nonverbal cues for recognition of these emotions. Findings of the study are explained in a culture-specific point of view. ····· 1036198901

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