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Groundwater Exploration and Development in Basement Complex Area:

für 71.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray
The groundwater potential of the basement complex area of southern Kaduna state has been investigated using a multidisciplinary approach. These include: basic geological, hydrogeological, geophysical and water quality analysis. The area is underlain by Precambrian migmatite gneiss, granite, shists and newer basalts. The results of geophysical survey using the electromagnetic (EM) and resistivity methods proved to be effective in locating and assessing regolith aquifers. Interpretation of the sounding curves obtained in the study area, suggests that the subsurface layering ranges from 3- 5 layers.The evaluation of hydrogeological borehole parameters gave borehole yield range of 25.9 - 1089m3/day with a mean value of 275m3/day. The specific capacity values ranged from 0.528 - 132.48m3/day/m. The value of transmissivity of the boreholes ranged from 0.359 to 101m2/day. The quality of water exhibits low total mineralization. The groundwater can be classified as Ca-Na-HCO3 fresh water. A survey of 52 existing boreholes showed that more than 60% were not functioning due lack of geophysical surveys, proper borehole design and maintenance. ····· 10361102809

BIOSTRATIGRAPHY AND PALEOCEANOGRAPHY OF PLIOCENE-PLEISTOCENE RADIOLARIA

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Leg 119 Site 745 lies between 59°35.71`S and 85° 51.60`E at the base of the southern slope of the Southern Kerguelen Plateau in the southern ocean region. The length of the studied core is 99.55 meters which is collected at a water depth of 4082.5 meters. Core is divided into eleven sections 1H-11H having 134 samples, although stratigraphically the hole core is subdivided into subunit IA and IB consisting of radiolaria along with diatoms ooze, minor silt, feldspar alternations of clay, diatomaceous sediments with minor silt and radiolaria respectively. After examination of 134 samples 77 radiolarian taxa have been identified and illustrated. Four radiolarian zones (Phi ( ), Chi ( ), Psi ( ) and Omega ( ) in ascending order) have been established on the basis of upward last appearance, consistent appearance and highest common occurrence of the radiolarian species. Biostratigraphically the total age of the core is ~0-1.85 Ma and Pliocene Pleistocene boundary is also marked at 1.7 Ma. Investigation suggests that the study area lies in mixed zone and contains a diverse radiolarian assemblage i.e. cold water, bipolar cold water and cosmopolitan in nature. ····· 10361102666

Contaminant Transport in Unsteady Groundwater Flow

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This books presents one and two dimensional analytical solutions for solute transport in homogeneous porous formations. The constant and time dependent forms of input concentration are considered to predict the contaminant concentration distribution along or against unsteady groundwater flow in semi-infinite and finite aquifers. An exponentially decreasing unsteady velocity distribution is considered. The sinusoidal form of time dependent velocity distribution is also considered which represents seasonal variation in year in tropical regions. The direct relationship between dispersion coefficient and seepage velocity concept is used in which dispersion coefficient is directly proportional to the seepage velocity. When the groundwater table rises and falls, the velocity of flow in the aquifer may be transient or unsteady which is considered here. The Laplace Transform Technique (LTT) and the Hankel Transform Technique (HTT) are used to derive analytical solutions which would be useful to benchmark numerical codes and solutions. ····· 10361102538

Effective properties of multi-scale fracture networks

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This thesis presents a hierarchal approach for fracture modeling and a novel random walker simulation to upscale the fracture permeability. The modeling approach entails developing effective flow characteristics of discrete fractures at micro and macrofracture scales without explicitly representing the fractures on a grid. Separate models are made for micro scale and macro scale fracture distribution with inputs from the seismic data and field observations. A random walker simulation is used that moves walkers along implicit fractures honoring the intersection characteristics of the fracture network.Several superimposed realizations of micro and macro fracture networks enable us to capture the uncertainty in the network and the corresponding uncertainty in permeability field. The advantage of this methodology is that the upscaling process is extremely fast and works on the actual fractures with realistic apertures and yields the effective permeability of fracture network . ····· 10361101961

Petrology and Geochemistry of Bhowali-Bhimtal Volcanics

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The Mesoproterozoic mafic volcanism in the Bhowali- Bhimtal and adjoining areas of outer Kumaun Lesser Himalaya, referred herewith as Bhimtal volcanics (BV) occur as alternating volcano-sedimentary sequences with Nagthat Formation. The mineral chemistry of clinopyroxenes from BV shows a subalkaline trend. The major element geochemistry of BV classified them as basalts, basaltic andesite and basaltic trachyandesite. The trace and REE geochemistry suggests their derivation probably from a plagioclase depleted source. Chondrite normalized REE patterns suggest that most of the REE were not significantly disturbed during alteration of BV and have retained primary features similar to that of fresh BV samples. Trace and REE geochemistry suggest slightly enriched mantle source and hence plume origin might be expected for BV magmatism. Moreover the geochemical similarity of BV with other volcanics of NW Himalaya provides the clue for similar source for all the volcanism in NW Himalaya. Based on melting model results it has been suggested that 5 to 15% melting of garnet lherzolite source can produce the observed LREE variations of precursor BV melt. ····· 10361101921

Pinchout Geometry of Sheet-like Sandstone Beds

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Feather-edge pinchouts of successions composed of sheet-like sandstone beds, such as turbidite lobes or shore-derived mid-shelf tempestites are extremely difficult to recognize and model. Both turbidites and tempestites are expected to pinch out seawards, but their actual thinning rates and pinchout geometries are little-known and unpredictable. In the present pilot study, more than 3750 closely- spaced measurements of the lateral thickness changes in 146 turbidite and tempestite beds have been collected over lateral outcrop distances of up to 640 m. The datasets show that both turbidites and tempestites have a log-normal thickness frequency distribution. Assuming the bed segments measured in outcrop sections represent downflow-thinning segments of unconfined turbidites and tempestites, their thinning rates can be stacked together according to the local bed-thickness ranges to represent the pinchout geometry of a whole single bed. The range-related trend equations allow the pinchout distance of every bed in a turbiditic or tempesitic succession encountered in a well to be predicted and the net spatial pinch-out of a given bed succession to be modelled. ····· 10361101714

Earthquake wave amplifications in the slopes

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This book reveals the possibility of high degree of seismic wave amplifications in the slope during dynamic loading under worst conditions of material properties. It presents the relationship of input wave, slope geometry and material properties on seismic amplifications. Important conclusion is that under worst conditions of the slope geometry and material properties, even small input wave can be amplified as high as 1.7g and there is possibility of complete slope collapse. This book contains total of seven chapters out of which the results are explained in chapters five and six. Chapter five gives the preliminary results in different slope models whereas relationship between different input parameters and the output as well as data analysis is presented in chapter six. An empirical function of slope height, shear wave velocity and input frequency on amplification is also recommended in this chapter. ····· 10361101571

Modeling groundwater flow in sloping aquifers

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This manuscript is derived from the Author`s Masters thesis, it presents coupling the applications of Geographic Information Systems, Analytical and Numerical methods to model groundwater flow in the sloping aquifers Ogallala Aquifer-Kansas, central USA case study, using a stepping base approach. The study also led to identification of surface water and groundwater interaction points and quantities during the pre-development conditions, and the possible points of disappeared streams in the study region. ····· 10361101548

A Book on Gold in Banded Iron Formations in Western Dharwar Craton

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Gold is the most after sought mineral. Ever since its invention the lust for this has increased enormously. In this book a compilation of Gold mineralisation in Banded Iron Formations in Chitradurga Schist Belt especially the low grade high tonnage type of deposits is highlighted. The Banded Iron Formations are considered to be the potential sources of Gold as Refractory type . The vast occurences are useful target for exploration and exploitation of future economy of our country. ····· 10361101094

Geophysical model of the Carpathian-Pannonian Lithosphere

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The book illustrates the application of multidisciplinary data analysis to the Carpathian Pannonian region and presents verification of a Complex Recent model of the Carpathian - Pannonian lithosphere and new Tertiary development model by the recent data sets and geophysical data analyses. All available geonomic (geologic, geodetic, geophysical, geomorphological) data were verified and unified on the basis of the same scale and in the Western Carpathians on the Remote Sensing data. At the same time a model of the Western Carpathian neotectonic blocks and a model of recent lithosphere is presented and the principal problems of the tectogenesis in the Western Carpathians are defined. The subduction roll-back of the subducting slab of the remnand Carpathian Flysch Basin (rCFB) under the advancing Inner Carpathians, the oblique closure of the basin, the progressive change of the subduction to collision from the Western to the east along the Carpathian Arc are discussed and discribed, too. ····· 10361100962

Hydrogeochemical prospecting of sulphide minerals in South Sinai

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Hydrogeochemical prospecting consists of study of changes in the chemical composition of ground and surface waters caused by oxidizing ore bodies. Ground waters provide an effective prospecting medium as they reflect potentially large sample areas and deep subsurface zones.Waters near sulphide deposits are often enriched in trace metal and major element components. The free sulphuric acid and metal sulphates formed from oxidation of sulphides lower the pH of the water and cause considerable changes in their composition. This book discusses the methodology of large-scale hydrogeochemical prospecting for locating the potentially promising sulphide mineralization zones in four areas in Southern Sinai. To achieve such an objective, chemical analyses of water in conjunction with geomorphic, geologic and hydrogeologic evidence are used. ····· 10361100758

Geology for Civil Engineers

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This well-organized book provides a comprehensive treatment of geology for civil engineers. It gives the latest techniques and methodologies, and in particular, addresses the special requirements of knowledge of geology in the field of engineering. Structured primarily as a reference book to meet the requirement of civil engineering students for courses in geology, this book can also be of considerable value to students pursuing courses in agriculture, soil science, forestry and environmental science. ····· 1036199879

Geomorphology Modeling for Meandering River

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Numerical model for studying river morphology is a mathematical model to solve river bed and bank shifting using Cubic Interpolated Pseudo-particle scheme.The method is applied to solve continuity and momentum equation in finite difference equation. The final formulation was found by Yabe and Ishikawa in 1990. Since then, Hydraulic Laboratory in Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University in Japan have used and developed this model in many experiments and field applications to predict phenomenon in morphology of a meandering river. Because of its success in simulating experiments in two dimensional framework, now the numerical model has developed to 3D model in user-friendly software. Though the numerical model can reproduce behavior of a meandering river, it has a little diffusion in the advection term. ····· 1036199504

Groundwater Resource Assessment

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This work is divided in eight chapters and the contents are outlined briefly as: Chapter1: Describes the introduction of the research that includes the problem statement, the objective of the research and research questions which the research tries to answer on the basis of the available data and applied methodologies. Methods followed and materials used are also discussed in this introductory chapter. Chapter 2: Stresses the review of previous studies in the area and literature review related to principle of groundwater modeling and recharge estimation methods are discussed. Chapter 3: General description of the study area, giving the description of the study area in relation to location, climate, geology, structure, land use, soil cover and hydro geological setting of the area. Chapter4: Data processing and analysis. This chapter is devoted to the processing and analysis of data (primary and secondary data) and involved in synthesizing and screening field data and translating the data to model input. Water chemistry data, water level data, discharge and recharge condition of the area are parts of the analysis. Chapter 5: Development of conceptual model. ····· 1036199105

Regional scale slope stability modelling using GIS

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Landslide is one of the most hazardous natural disasters in the Himalaya region causing hundreds of deaths in Nepal every year. In this study, a slope stability analysis on a regional scale is presented for an area of 347 sq. km. of Dhading district, Nepal. A physically based slope stability model coupled to a simplified groundwater flow model is used to estimate soil wetness index, and factor of safety maps are produced for three steady state scenarios (completely dry, half-saturated, and completely saturated soils) and one quasi-dynamic scenario (soil wetness resulting from extreme daily rainfall events with return periods of 25 years) with both methods based on infiltration and contributing area. These maps can be of great help to engineers and planners for choosing suitable locations to implement developments and can be used as basic data to assist slope management and land-use planning. The present results also provide useful information for possible improvements in disaster management activities. ····· 1036198950

Reservoir Characterization of West Waha and Worsham-Bayer Fields

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West Waha and Worsham-Bayer fields are located in the Southeastern Delaware Basin, West Texas. These fields have been experiencing problem of low natural gas recovery in contrast to their large estimated reserves. The study involved the integration of interpreted three data sets. The principal objectives for this study were to determine the impact of thin-beds on reservoir petrophysical analysis and to assess the impact of estimated recoverable reserve on the interpreted reservoirs. Reservoir characterization method employed were: well log correlation, petrophysical analysis, reservoir attribute analysis, seismic-to- well ties, fault mapping, 3D seismic interpretation, generation of time-depth structure maps, volumetric analysis and production record interpretation. This work showed that the studied fields have large amount of natural gas volume and that Ellenburger group is the major producing reservoir. The method used may also be applied in Nigerian fields towards enhancing hydrocarbon recovery. ····· 1036198520

Tide-Wave-Storm Influences Deltaic Succession-Barakar Formation, India

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The rocks of the lower most part of the Gondwana Supergroup of Permo-Carboniferous age are represented by Talchir and Barakar Formation exposed along the Barakar River, Raniganj basin. Raniganj Basin, has a semi-elliptical, elongated shape, and covers an area of ca. 3000 km2 between the Damodar and Ajay rivers. In the present work the rocks of Barakar Formation have been examined through the studies of facies analysis and Facies association. All these facies and facies association are interpreted to deduce the environmental condition that prevailed during the deposition of the sediments of Barakar Formation. The study of the rocks of Barakar Formation reveals that the environmental condition was influenced by fluvial, tidal and storm activity, which on the other hand indicates a deltaic environment for the deposition of the sediments. ····· 1036192041

Proterozoic Deposition: Remote Sensing and GIS Approach

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The book gives the vast information about Proterozoic terrain of Karnataka State, INDIA. The structurally controlled uranium mineralization enrichment and its distribution, irrespective of varying surface lithological units and stratigraphy in the epeiric, Proterozoic sedimentary Kaladgi Basin in southern INDIA. This work supports the structurally controlled and unconformity-related uranium and gold mineralized in the earth-system worldwide. This work also approaches modern tools of remote sensing and 3D-GIS in the Kaladgi Basin for better appreciation of basinal information in regional and global context. ····· 1036192002

A Proposal of Clay Mine based on Geological Data

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Since the drawn of civilization, cement has been the prime mover of human being. With the progress of civilization and technological developments, more and more improvise forms of building construction, as well as Culverts, Bridge etc. were discovered and come into uses. In the Sunamganj district, Bangladesh there exist three cement factories. All of them producing cement by importing limestone form India and clay procuring locally by 3rd parties. Due to some unavoidable circumstances, sometimes it hinders clay supply by the parties and accordingly production process is also interrupted. Under such scenario it is apprehended that if those cement company produce clay locally, they may overcome such problem and improve production and costing. Finally, pit boundary is determined by pit optimization method and recoverable reserve estimate is 60-70 million tons. If the extraction of clay is about 2 million tons per year the mine will survive for 30-35 years. ····· 1036191849

Teoriya i praktika geologo-geofizicheskikh issledovaniy

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V knige pokazany nekotorye rezul`taty povysheniya effektivnosti geologorazvedochnykh rabot (GRR) na neft` i gaz na razlichnykh etapakh i stadiyakh . Osnovnye razdely knigi posvyashcheny regional`nomu, poiskovo-otsenochnomu i razvedochno-ekspluatatsionnomu etapam GRR. Kazhdomu iz etapov i stadiy dana teoreticheskaya kharakteristika i privoditsya ryad original`nykh metodov , ispol`zuemykh v geologo-geofizicheskoy praktike. Pri etom v sootvetstvuyushchikh razdelakh posledovatel`no obsuzhdayutsya primenenie geologicheskikh, geofizicheskikh i geokhimicheskikh metodov izucheniya geologicheskikh razrezov i ploshchadey, a takzhe osobennosti rabot na shel`fe. Dlya regional`nogo etapa rassmotreny primenenie tsiklicheskogo i fatsial`nogo analiza dlya otsenki terrigennykh obstanovok osadkonakopleniya, a takzhe metodika regional`noy korrelyatsii geologicheskikh razrezov tektono - sedimentatsionnykh kompleksov na shel`fe i voprosy basseynovogo modelirovaniya. Dlya poiskovo-otsenochnogo etapa GRR rassmotreny osnovnye osobennosti pleya zalezhey nefti v Bazhenovskoy svite Zapadnoy Sibiri i problema dostovernoy identifikatsiya razlomov kak klyuch k povysheniyu effektivnosti neftegazopoiskovykh rabot. ····· 1036191611

Variabilidad de los Recursos Hídricos de la Cuenca del Río Guadalfeo

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El objetivo principal de esta investigación es el de calcular los recursos hídricos de la cuenca del río Guadalfeo, así como su evaluación espacio-temporal, por tratarse de una cuenca que alimenta a uno de los acuíferos costeros más importantes de la provincia de Granada en la Cuenca Mediterránea Andaluza. En esta cuenca se localizan las presas de Béznar y Rules, dos infraestructuras hidráulicas que regulan los recursos hídricos aportados. Desde el punto de vista geológico, el área de estudio se encuentra situada dentro de las Zonas Internas de las Cordilleras Béticas. Las manifestaciones más evidentes de la gran heterogeneidad de la distribución espacial de los fenómenos atmosféricos en la cuenca del río Guadalfeo, es propiciada por la interacción de un clima mediterráneo semiárido con un clima de alta montaña y por la abrupta orografía. La geomorfología de la cuenca es bastante abrupta controlada por la litología y fracturación. ····· 1036190639

Laboreo Minero Subterráneo

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El texto esta orientado a diseñar minas subterráneas en base a criterios geomecánicos, para lo cual se buscó soporte técnico desarrollado por especialistas en la materia para luego a partir de sus geniales criterios armar la forma mas adecuada del diseño de las aberturas estables dentro del macizo rocoso que permita la explotación de los minerales económicos, en un escenario de contacto de rocas sedimentarias y rocas intruidas de composición feldespática determinada como stock. Así mismo el levantamiento de los Andes Centrales esta relacionada a la subducción y acción de convergencia de placas Nazca y América, hospedantes de importantes yacimientos minerales. A su vez se encuentran implicadas en la creación de esfuerzos horizontales, verticales y sus componentes, generadoras de la formación de una geología estructural compleja. ····· 1036189543

Geochemical Characterization of Chia Gara Formation, Kurdistan, Iraq

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This study is based on geochemical analysis and interpretation of a potential source rock, Chia Gara Formation (Tithonian-Berriassian), and five hydrocarbon oil samples from the different sections and wells. The oils are from two oil fields Kirkuk oil field (K-252, K-265, K-215, and K-392) and Jambur oil field (Ja-15). Bulk geochemical data involve C/N/S-elemental data and Rock-Eval pyrolysis analyses. Following extraction and MPLC fractionation, the aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbon fractions were investigated by GC/MS. The Rock-Eval pyrolysis results, which carried out on the selected samples, gave different types of kerogen and different maturity stages. As a whole, the Chia Gara Formation from all wells has type II and III kerogens in mature stage in wells K-109 and Tk-3 totally, but in well Bj-1 it is partially mature and in well Hr-1 only the upper part is in early stage maturity. High levels and similar distribution patterns of organic sulfur compounds in Chia Gara source rock bitumens and reservoired oils most clearly document the genetic relationship. Aliphatic and aromatic biomarkers support an origin of Cretaceous reservoired oils from the Chia Gara Formation. ····· 1036188813

Tectonic Evolution of the Dead Sea Rift, southwest Jordan

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This work presents the first palaeostress results obtained from fault-slip data along the eastern margins of the Dead Sea Rift (Transform) in Southwestern Jordan. Stress inversion of the fault-slip data was performed using an improved Right-Dieder method, followed by rotational optimisation. Seven palaeostress tensor groups (stages) have been identified, ranging from the Late Neoproterozoic to the Holocene period, and have been correlated with the tectonic evolution of the Dead Sea Rift. The results show that new palaeostress data evidence a general clockwise rotation with time of the SHmax axis from an E-W trend in the Cretaceous, to a N-S trend in the Pleistocene. The data also show the appearance of E-W extension in the Late Pleistocene, superimposed on the Dead Sea Stress Field. It therefore suggests that the Dead Sea Rift system formed in a combination of strike-slip and dip-slip movements. Remote sensing methods were extensively used for structural and geological investigations. The classification can only provide indicators for discriminating lithologies on the image, but is certainly not accurate enough for direct geological mapping. ····· 1036188638

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