für 53.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray Performance evaluation of irrigation need close and systematic observation, careful review of documentation and interpretation of the management of an irrigation system,. Its purpose is to ensure input resources and expected outputs are being proceed as planned. It is a tool used improve the level of service and efficiency with which resources are being used. This tool was used to evaluate the perfomance of community managed four small scale irrigation schemes in Rift Valley Basin of the Oromiya and South region in Ethiopia. ····· 10361133587
für 53.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray Possession of shelter is a basic human need not only for the protection against natural elements and hostile weather, but also for the maintenance of accepted standard of family and society. With the evolution of mankind, organized living and civilization sense has evolved too. The increasing concentration of population in urban areas created new problems especially due to internal migration and rapid urbanization, the valley is undergoing an urban explosion rather than managed urban growth. The city, thus have become congested .Hence there is huge settlement problem in the city, increasing the number of squatters, the result of which is that the city is now progressing from horizontal to vertical i.e. the rise in the culture of high rise apartments and housing. The development of housing project, high rise apartment has helped to solve the housing problems of the urban area to some extent. But since the construction of such high risers and apartment are not planned and is haphazard, environment problems have been evident. ····· 10361133279
für 32.31€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray Anthropogenic pollution is the most important among the problems due to human-nature interactions. Pollution causing the loss of water quality of aquatic ecosystems has stimulated to develop such studies which can reveal causes and mechanisms of the loss of surface water quality. The important sources of water pollution are domestic wastes, industrial effluents, and agricultural wastes. Other sources include oil spills, atmospheric deposition, marine dumping, radioactive waste, global warming, and eutrophication. Among these, domestic waste (domestic sewage) and industrial waste generate maximum pollutants, which make their way to groundwater and surface water bodies. The existence of water resources and the applying of efficient solutions in the process of their aimed use and conservation in the earth have vital role for human normal activity and the maintenance of the ecological balance of the environment. Water is reward of nature which is irreplaceable natural resource for humanity existence. ····· 10361132854
für 71.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray Optical spectroscopy and imaging using near-infrared (NIR) light provides powerful tools for non-invasive detection of cancer in tissue. This book focus on a study to distinguish the cancerous prostate tissue from the normal prostate tissues with enhancement of specific receptor-targeted prostate cancer contrast agents using optical spectroscopy and imaging techniques. The scattering and absorption coefficients, and anisotropy factor of cancerous and normal prostate tissues were investigated first as the basis for the biomedical diagnostic and optical imaging. Understanding the receptors over-expressed prostate cancer cells and molecular target mechanism of ligand, two small ICG-derivative dye-peptides, namely Cypate-Bombesin Peptide Analogue Conjugate (Cybesin) and Cypate-Octreotate Peptide Conjugate (Cytate), were applied to study their clinical potential for human prostate cancer detection. ····· 10361132806
für 61.20€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray After several years of abandonment, the use of (bacterio)phages for bacterial control has withdrawn reappraisal and several studies are ongoing on varied fields. Despite this enthusiasm, there is a lack of research on the use of phage to reduce bacteria living on surfaces in a life form known as biofilms. This work explores the potential of phages in controlling Pseudomonas fluorescens (Gram-negative) and Staphylococcus lentus (Gram-positive), two widespread inhabitants of dairy plant surfaces and products. P. fluorescens is the dominant microorganism present in the microflora of raw or pasteurized milk at the time of spoilage and frequently isolated from contaminated fresh meats and refrigerated products. S. lentus is coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) and a member of the S. sciuri group which are recurrently recovered from infected bovine and caprine mammary glands. `Use of bacteriophages to control biofilms` emphasis on the isolation and thorough morphological, physico-chemical and genomic characterization of phages and furthermore focuses on efficacy studies of phages against planktonic cultures and host bacteria in mono- and dual-species biofilms. ····· 10361132311
für 61.20€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray Nowadays, life expectancy is two times higher than in the beginning of the 20th century, therefore, the human body is subjected to higher cumulative stress that results in degradation of the tissues and so new therapies are required to overcome these problems. Thus, a new biomaterial was developed, a modified apatite with silicon, as it is well known silicon plays an important role on several metabolic pathways. Hence, this book describes the in vitro characterization of Silicon-Hydroxyapatite developed to enhance bone regeneration. The studies described in this book show the role of Silicon-Hydroxyapatite on several physical, chemical and biological processes. The results indicate that the enhanced bioactivity of Silicon-Hydroxyapatite is a combination of acellular and cellular mechanisms. The more negative surface and higher dissolution rate decreases the time required for the formation of an apatite layer, which is considered to be an important factor for osseointegration. And also the enhanced proliferation and differentiation of bone cells (human osteoblast and osteoclast) induced by the presence of Silicon-Hydroxyapatite can lead to faster bone regeneration. ····· 10361132137
für 44.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray Fruits are undoubtedly mans oldest food. The techniques of fruit culture and fruit utilization also received the attention of man at a very early stage. Fruit is attributed as protective foods and these provide kinetic energy to the body. Fruit wines are fermented alcoholic beverages made from a variety of base ingredients (other than grapes). Fruit wines have traditionally been popular with home winemakers. Few foods other than grapes have the balanced quantities of sugar, acid, tannin, nutritive salts for yeast feeding and water to naturally produce a stable and drinkable wine. Many kinds of fruit have a natural acid content which would be too high to produce a savory and pleasant fruit wine in undiluted form. Virtually wine can be made from any substrate having sufficient fermentable sugar, nitrogen source and other requirements for yeast growth. Like many conventional white wines, fruit wines often do not improve with bottle age and are usually meant to be consumed within a year of bottling. This book reveals the qualitative changes occurred during value added wine making process using different fruits commonly available in India. ····· 10361119618
für 44.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray Recreational waters are those natural waters used not only for primary contact activities, such as swimming, windsurfing, and waterskiing, but also for secondary contact activities, such as boating and fishing. Recreational water quality criteria are used to assess the safety of water to be used for swimming and other water-sport activities. The primary concern is to protect human health by preventing water pollution from faecal material or from contamination by micro-organisms that could cause gastro-intestinal illness, ear, eye or skin infections. This study was conducted to learn about the quality status of the water at recreational spots in Chittagong City these are Foy s Lake, Chittagong Shisu Park, Karnafuly Shisu Park, Zia Smriti Complex, Zatishonga Park andf Vatiary Lake. Derived parameters are Conductivity, Turbidity, Color, Odor, PH, Dissolve Oxygen, Biological Oxygen Demand, Chemical Oxygen Demand, Sulfate and Nitrate of the collected water samples were compared with the standard value of the respective parameters. The study suggests that most of the collected samples satisfied the required level of the expected parameters used for recreational purposes. ····· 10361119582
für 55.71€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray Water is a basic requirement for all life, without which, there is no life. The human right to water entitles everyone to sufficient, safe, acceptable, physically accessible and affordable water for personal and domestic uses .However, 1.1 billion people lack access to improved water sources, which represented 17% of the global population, and in sub-Saharan Africa, 42% of the population is still without improved water. Ghana`s population is increasing rapidly. This has put a lot of pressure on government to provide safe and adequate supply of water. The ability of government to meet this need adequately has been a problem, thereby, has resulted in a gap in the supply and access to safe water to the people. This has resulted in communities have to depend on other unwholesome sources of water which include rainwater, streams, ponds, sachet water, groundwater (mainly through boreholes and wells) and water tanker services. This book therefore, provide information on the quality of these water sources especially hand dug wells and water tanker services. ····· 10361119318
für 44.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray The Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) has proved to be a well established method of controlling several key pests of agricultural importance. SIT depends upon introducing a high proportion of sterile mating in a natural population that reduces reproduction to a level below population maintenance. Therefore, the production of insects, in sufficient number and of adequate quality to achieve this aim, is one of the principal requirements for the success of the technique. Melon fly (B. cucurbitae) is a major threat to cucurbits. The flies are widely distributed and occur in all countries of the world. Cucurbit vegetables thus suffers considerable economic losses every year. The SIT is increasingly applied with the objective to reduce losses and pesticide use rather than fruit fly eradication in many countries. This research traced the opportunities of controlling destructive insect pest of agricultural importance by eco-friendly way with SIT. Extensive reports were made in sterility dose, pupal duration and the ratios of irradiated males of B. cucurbitae could be used as a preliminary basis for the field applications of SIT to suppress the wild population of B. cucurbitae. ····· 10361118896
für 71.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray The northern region of India comprising the states of Jammu and Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Punjab, Haryana, Delhi and Uttar Pradesh had been explored for the insect pests belonging to the order Lepidoptera through extensive and intensive field surveys. These field surveys had been conducted over different seasons on all the vegetable crop groups in the entire region so as to being out the species, population and ecological diversity. The field surveys had covered 109 localities in the entire region and throughout the length and breadth, over 49 districts in the seven states. The faunistic surveys had revealed that there are 49 species, and their diversity is enormous not only in terms of species but also their populations. It is also evident that the results of the study will be applicable not only to the northern region of India but also the whole of India and also other parts of the world. All species had been reoriented towards the salient taxonomic details along with descriptions. The study comprises of 1277 illustrations. The unique feature of the study is the integration of taxonomic aspects with field biology and ecology details. ····· 10361118183
für 61.20€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray Este trabajo nace por la necesidad de tratar el residuo líquido generado durante la fabricación de aceite de oliva, en aras de aportar una solución práctica a la problemática medioambiental. Sin embargo, en el estudio mismo de los antecedentes se descubrió una sustancia con una gran capacidad antioxidante, por lo que el fin de este trabajo derivó además de bajar el nivel de contaminación del ril a la recuperación de esos componentes naturales cuya propiedad antioxidante le confieren un notable valor agregado para la industria alimenticia y farmacéutica. Así, se logró capturar estos compuestos, mediante un tratamiento que implica sólo procesos físicos, de manera que no alteran la funcionalidad y el carácter natural del antioxidante. No sólo se plantea la metodología propuesta, sino también su factibilidad económica. Espero que les sea un aporte a aquellos que se interesan en este campo. Saludos ····· 10361117069
für 71.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray Estudio de 354 individuos pertenecientes a 4 yacimientos medievales ubicados en la Comunidad de Castilla-León. Estos son: San Baudelio de Berlanga (Prov. de Soria) y Villanueva de Soportilla (Prov. de Burgos) quienes se desarrollaron en un entorno rural, cuyo modo de subsistencia eran la agricultura y el pastoreo principalmente. San Millán de la Cogolla (Comunidad de La Rioja), población en la que probablemente los individuos eran monjes, con actividades propias de la vida monástica. Palacios de la Sierra (Prov. de Burgos) se desarrollo en un entorno más urbano y sus actividades eran principalmente labores artesanales. En este trabajo se dan a conocer los estados de salud y enfermedad de dichas poblaciones utilizando para ello una serie de marcadores sobre el esqueleto que aportan información acerca de los patrones de actividad desempeñados, además de comparar lo observado con lo documentado históricamente y contribuir de esta manera en el conocimiento de las dificultades vividas por los individuos de la Edad Media en España. ····· 10361116988
für 71.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray La subnutrición crónica establecida desde una etapa perinatal conduce a un incremento de la capacidad de respuesta a la insulina en los músculos esquelético y cardíaco de la rata adulta, con relación al transporte de la glucosa. Así los animales subnutridos son normotolerantes a la glucosa, a pesar de que su secreción insulínica se encuentra fuertemente disminuida. La subnutrición aumenta el estímulo de la insulina sobre la translocación de los transportadores de glucosa en el músculo de la rata adulta. Las ratas lactantes que se han subnutrido desde el último tercio de la gestación son normotolerantes a la glucosa a pesar de su escasa respuesta insulino-secretora. Ello se debe, al menos en parte, a un incremento de su capacidad de respuesta a la insulina sobre la translocación del GLUT-4, lo cual está ligado a un aumento del número de receptores de la hormona así como de varias etapas de su vía de señales posteriores al receptor. La subnutrición establecida, conduce a un aumento de GLUT-2 y GLUT-1 en el hígado de la rata lactante, así como de otras señales de la vía insulínica. Es posible que ello derive en una hipersensibilidad en algunas de las respuestas hepáticas hormonales. ····· 10361116691
für 71.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray Estudio observacional realizado en una población sana de 18 a 84 años del área metropolitana de la región de Murcia(España), en el que se analizan en diferentes grupos de edades la influencia de los hábitos alimenticios y factores de riesgo cardiovascular tales como el índice de masa corporal, sobre marcadores relacionados con síndrome metabólico y estrés oxidativo. El objetivo principal de este estudio es tratar de clarificar que factores son los más influyentes sobre los procesos de envejecimiento en una población sana. ····· 10361116252
für 71.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray This book deals with the estimation of design wind speeds to be considered for structural design. Design wind speeds have been estimated by correlating the Type I and Type II models for few selected stations of India. The computed speeds are compared with the codal speeds. In continuation wind effects on typical tall structures are considered. Tall structures interact with the wind dynamically. The relevant Indian standard code deals with wind loads on the structures. The code discusses about the Static Method and the Gust Effectiveness Factor Method. Generally structural designers use the static method for considering the wind effects. This may be reasonably good for short and rigid structures but tall structures interact with the wind dynamically and hence gust effectiveness factor method is more appropriate. The book also brings out the importance of the correct estimations of the design wind speeds, the use of Gust Effectiveness Factor Method in the case of flexible structures and the various dynamic parameters. The necessity for revision in the wind map of India is also highlighted. ····· 10361115543
für 26.01€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray Diabetes is major health problem with high morbidity and mortality. Currently affects more than 285 million people worldwide according to the Mexican Diabetes Federation. Candidiasis is a common disorder, especially in patients with diabetes. It is caused by an overgrowth of Candida in the mouth, digestive tract, vagina and other tissues. People with diabetes have high levels of glucose in the blood are more susceptible to oral candidiasis. A dental prosthesis is an artificial element that is used to restore the anatomy of a tooth or teeth, also the restoration of the relationship between the jaws, while correcting the vertical dimension and improve both the natural dentition and periodontal structures. The study aims to determine the incidence of Candida albicans in patients diabetes with total or partial prosthesis. ····· 10361113622
für 48.80€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray During the last years the market for recombinant antibody fragments has been growing very fast. Small-sized fragments can offer new alternatives to the full-length monoclonal antibodies (mAb) in the field of antibody-based therapeutics. Among them, the single-chain antibody fragments (scFv) are the smallest antibody fragments that still possess a complete antigen-binding site. Hence, they are ideal for research, diagnostic and therapy, which require good tissue penetration. The high titers obtained with recombinant proteins are imposing a tremendous challenge in the development of more efficient continuous purification processes, which can isolate recombinant proteins in an easier way, compared to the established multi-step discontinuous chromatographic scheme. This work focuses on the theoretical design and experimental validation of a Simulated Moving Bed (SMB) chromatography process using Immobilized Metal Ion Affinity Chromatography (IMAC) for the purification of a single-chain antibody fragment. First, the cell culture supernatant containing the antibody fragment and originating from Bacillus megaterium was characterized using a stepwise pH-gradient batch chromatography. The influence of solvent composition (pH) on the adsorption isotherm parameters of the antibody fragment and its impurities were determined in single-column runs. Based on the estimated adsorption isotherm parameters a feasible multicolumn open-loop 3-zone pH-gradient SMB process is suggested, which possesses the potential to isolate continuously the single-chain antibody fragment. The design is based on a recursive solution of an equilibrium stage model of an equivalent True Moving Bed (TMB) process. Possible operating conditions were theoretically proposed using the simulations obtained by the model and experimentally realized in a lab-scale SMB unit using a methodological approach. The observed performance of the continuous process is compared to the corresponding batch process in terms of purity, yield, productivity, and buffer consumption. The potential of this innovative SMB process is clearly demonstrated. ····· 10361108039
für 49.80€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray During growth of mammalian cells in glutamine-containing media, large amounts of lactate and ammonia are secreted into the culture supernatant. These toxic by-products not only affect cell viability and productivity but often also prevent groth to high cell densities. However, different production cell lines typically used for manufacturing of biopharmaceuticals and viral vaccines can also grow on pyruvate (Pyr) instead of glutamine (Gln) in the culture medium. As a consequence, these cells not only release no ammonia but glucose (Gluc) consumption and lactate production are also reduced significantly. One possibility to better understand cell metabolism and the cellular regulatory mechanisms that govern cell growth is to perform enzyme activity studies. Although the analysis of enzymes is more complex and high-throughput technologies for enzyme activities are not commonly available, enzyme activities provide information on pathway flux rates, which is important for the understanding of metabolic networks. Furthermore, the integration of enzyme activity data into mathematical models of cell metabolism together with proteome and metabolome data by systems biology approaches will significantly contribute towards a better understanding of metabolic pathways relevant for cell line and media optimization. The objective of this thesis was to characterize the effect of different culture conditions on key enzyme activities of central metabolic pathways in the Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) production cell line. On the basis of a high-throughput platform for measuring enzyme activities in plant cell extracts, the work first involved the development of a platform to determine enzyme activities in mammalian cells including grouping of various enzymes that share a common detection method. ····· 10361107805
für 45.80€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray Arthrose ist die häufigste Erkrankung der Gelenke. Dabei tritt eine Schädigung des Knorpels und des darunterliegenden Knochens auf. Eine vielversprechende Möglichkeit diese Defekte zu versorgen, bietet die Implantation von osteochondralen Konstrukten - in vitro gezüchtetem Knorpel auf Knochenersatzmaterial. Bisher unterliegen allerdings sowohl die biochemischen als auch die mechanischen Eigenschaften des gezüchteten Knorpels (TE-Knorpel) denen des nativen Knorpels deutlich. Das übergreifende Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, basierend auf Kenntnissen von nativem Knorpel, Mechanismen zur Verbesserung von TE-Knorpeleigenschaften abzuleiten. Dazu wurden zwei Hypothesen aufgestellt und untersucht: (1) Die Matrixsynthese wird durch mechanische Belastung erhöht, wobei die Kompressionsamplitude einen siginifkanten Einfluss auf die Knorpelqualität hat. (2) Die Annäherung der Mikroarchitektur des Trägers an die des subchondralen Knochens, insbesondere in Bezug auf die Permeabilität, führt ebenfalls zu einer Verbesserung der Knorpeleigenschaften. Zur Untersuchung des Einflusses mechanischer Belastung wurden osteochondrale Konstrukte hergestellt und mit unterschiedlichen Kompressionsamplituden (5%, 10%, 20% Kompression) im Bioreaktor belastet (1 Hz). Um den Einfluss der Trägermikroarchitektur zu untersuchen, wurden impermeable und permeable Tricalciumphosphat-Träger zur Herstellung der osteochondralen Konstrukte verwendet. Zudem wurde ein Finite-Elemente-Modell zur Darstellung der experimentell nicht zugänglichen internen Vorgänge im Knorpelgewebe erstellt. Es wurde eine positive Korrelation zwischen der Kompressionsamplitude und dem normalisierten E-Modul des TE-Knorpels festgestellt. Des Weiteren wurde ein Einfluss der Trägermikroarchitektur nachgewiesen: Der Anstieg der Steifigkeit über den Kultivierungszeitraum war in der permeablen Gruppe um 60% höher als in der impermeablen Gruppe. Das FE-Modell zeigte, dass durch eine Belastung mit höheren Kompressionsamplituden und die Verwendung von permeablen Trägern höhere Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten im TE-Gewebes auftraten. Die vorliegenden Daten weisen darauf hin, dass eine Annäherung der Kultivierungsbedingungen an die in-vivo-Situation bezüglich mechanischer Belastung und Trägerpermeabilität eine Strategie darstellt, um mechanisch belastungsfähigere Knorpelimplantate herzustellen. ····· 10361107606
für 49.80€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray Jährlich erkranken weltweit etwa 500 Millionen Menschen an einer Influenza-Virusinfektion (WHO 2003). Zum Schutz vor den schwerwiegenden Folgen der Infektion werden Impfstoffe eingesetzt. Diese werden momentan hauptsächlich in embryonierten Hühnereiern produziert. Neue Verfahren verwenden stattdessen Säugetier-Zellkulturen, die in modernen biotechnologischen Prozessen hergestellt werden. Maßgeblich für die Produktivität der Produktionsverfahren in Zellkulturen ist neben der Optimierung der Zellexpansion die Wechselwirkung des Virus-Wirtszellsystems. Ausgehend von einem Modellprozess zur Influenza-Virusproduktion in Microcarrierkulturen von Madin Darby Hunde-Nierenzellen (MDCK) wurden im Zusammenhang mit der Virusvermehrung die zellbiologischen Mechanismen Zellzyklus und Apoptose (programmierter Zelltod) untersucht. Im Gegensatz zu zellbiologisch oder virologisch motivierten Arbeiten der Grundlagenforschung, bei denen typischerweise ungeregelte Bedingungen in statischer Kultur vorliegen, war es in Bioreaktoren möglich, die Zellphysiologie unter kontrollierten Prozessbedingungen zu untersuchen. Speziell die zeitliche Aufschlüsselung des Verlaufes der virusinduzierten Apoptose stellt dabei ein Alleinstellungsmerkmal der vorliegenden Arbeit dar. Die Analyse der Virusinfektion, des Zellzyklusses und der Apoptose erfolgten im Wesentlichen mittels Durchflusscytometrie. Die Methode ermöglichte die Korrelation der Influenza-Virusinfektion mit der Apoptose auf Einzelzellebene. Darüber hinaus konnten die bei der Infektionsdetektion gemessenen relativen Fluoreszenzintensitäten über eine Kalibration der Fluoreszenz in Moleküläquivalente von gelöstem Fluoreszein transformiert werden, was zur Abschätzung der Kopien des viralen Nukleoproteins pro Zelle genutzt werden konnte. Die Induktion der Apoptose während der Virusvermehrung in statischen Zellkulturen konnte auch für das Modellsystem der Virusproduktion im Bioreaktor bestätigt werden. Dabei wurde Apoptose fast ausschließlich bei infizierten Zellen nachgewiesen, die Fraktion der nicht-infizierten apoptotischen Zellen war vernachlässigbar klein. Dies wurde auch in scheininfizierten Kultivierungen bestätigt. Die getrennte Analyse von Zellen auf Microcarriern und abgelösten Zellen im Überstand zeigte deutliche Unterschiede im Nukleoprotein-Gehalt und dem Anteil apoptotischer Zellen auf. Adhärente Zellen zeichneten sich dabei durch einen höheren Nukleoprotein-Gehalt, aber einem minimalen Anteil von apoptotischen Zellen aus, während die abgelösten Zellen im Überstand zu einem hohen Anteil apoptotisch waren, jedoch vergleichsweise wenig Nukleoprotein-Kopien pro Zelle aufwiesen. Zusammen mit der Analyse der Virusakkumulation im Kulturüberstand wurde aus den Daten ein mechanistisches Schema für den Ablauf von Virusinfektion und Apoptose in Microcarrier-Kulturen abgeleitet. Demnach geht der Hauptteil der Virusausbeute auf die adhärenten Zellen zurück. Dabei sind die Virus-Replikationsrate und die Überlebensdauer einer infizierten Zelle bis zur Exekution der Apoptose und der resultierenden Ablösung vom Microcarrier die entscheidenden Kriterien für die Virusausbeute von MDCK-Zellen. Die Analyse des Zellzyklusses von MDCK-Zellen auf Microcarriern lieferte zusätzliche Informationen über das Kulturverhalten während der Zellexpansion im Bioreaktor. Untersuchungen zur gezielten Veränderung der Virusausbeute durch (bio-) chemische Mediumszusätze in statischen Screeningsystemen und in Bioreaktoren zeigten massive Ausbeuteverringerungen als Folge der Apoptoseinduktion. Basierend auf dem etablierten Screeningsystem in Sechs-Well-Platten können weitere Substanzen getestet werden. Anhand der im Rahmen dieser Arbeit gewonnenen Daten und Erkenntnissen wurden stochastische und populationsbasierende Modelle zur Virusinfektion in Bioreaktoren entwickelt. ····· 10361107321
für 32.50€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray Nach dem von R.H. Whittaker vorgeschlagenen 5-Reiche-System unterteilt man die Organismen in Prokaryonten (Prokaryotae, Monera), Protisten (Protoctista), Pilze (Fungi, Eumycota), Tiere (Animalia) und Pflanzen (Plantae). Weltweit sind etwa 75.000 verschiedene Pilzarten bekannt. Diese werden in folgende Gruppen unterteilt: Algenpilze (Chytridiomycota), Jochpilze (Zygomycota), Schlauchpilze (Ascomycota), Ständerpilze (Basidiomycota) und imperfekte Pilze (Deuteromycota, Fungi imperfecti) (Alexopoulus et al. 1996). Die Schimmelpilze bilden keine taxonomische Einheit, diesem Begriff werden Pilze unterschiedlicher taxonomischer Gruppen zugeordnet. Die Schleimpilze (Myxomycota) und Oomycota werden heutzutage zur Gruppe der Protisten gezählt (beide Gruppen besitzen Zellwände aus Zellulose). Es sind ca. 20.000 Arten von Basidiomycota bekannt. Dazu zählen die meisten als Speisepilze bekannten Arten wie z.B. `Hutpilze`, `Baumpilze`, Boviste, Erdsterne, Nestlinge, Kugelwerfer und die Brandpilze (Ustomycetes). Bei der Gruppe der Schlauchpilze (Ascomycota) findet die sexuelle Vermehrung durch Ascosporenbildung in speziellen schlauchförmigen Zellen, den sogenannten Asci statt. Insgesamt sind bei den Ascomyceten ca. 32.000 Arten bekannt. Zu diesen werden neben den Hefen (Endomycetes) auch die meisten Flechtenpilze gezählt. Von den Jochpilzen sind nur etwa 650 Arten bekannt. Wichtige Vertreter sind Lebensmittelverderber wie der Köpfchenschimmel Mucor, Rhizopus und Absidia und einige Bodenpilze (Mortierella). Eine Toxinbildung durch Zygomycota ist nicht bekannt. ····· 10361107304
für 44.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray There is an urgent need for transition from petroleum-based energy systems to renewable resources to decrease reliance on depleting reserves of fossil fuels and to mitigate climate change. In addition, renewable energy has the potential to create many employment opportunities at all levels, especially in rural areas. The need to boost the efforts for further development and promotion of renewable energy sources has been felt world over in light of high prices of crude oil. A disparaging part of the solution lies in promoting renewable energy technologies as a way to address concerns about energy security, economic growth in the face of rising energy prices, competitiveness, health costs and environmental degradation. The cost-effectiveness of Wind and Small Hydro power energy should also be taken into account. An emphasis should be given on presenting the real picture of massive renewable energy potential it would be possible to attract foreign investments to herald a Green Energy Revolution in India. India s quest for energy security and sustainable development rests a great deal on the ability to tap energy from alternate sources or the renewable sources. ····· 10361101749· 1 · ::::: · 2 ·· 3 ·· 4 ·· 5 ·· 6 ·· 7 ·· 8 · ::::: · 11 ·
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