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The Contribution of Non Farm Income in Reducing Poverty and Inequality

für 44.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray
Due to decreasing share of agriculture income in total income and increasing poverty, the importance of non-farm income has increased. So it is critical to analyze the current structure of non-farm income, its distribution into various non farm income sources and to decompose the non farm income inequality among different poverty bands and landholdings. Such an analysis will ensure that correct policy intervention can be made in the relevant sub sector. This study will help policy makers to design policies in accordance with the characteristics of the particular sub-sector. This research will also be a starting point for researchers to bring the research at aggregate level to the micro level in order the research to be more specific and meaningful. ····· 10361102556

Evaluating Institutional, Environmental and Economic Sustainability

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Numerous development projects are implemented in developing countries to attain economic and ecological development. However, in most cases, the encouraging results observed during the implementation phase terminated with the project period, raising concerns on these projects`` sustainability after the project period has ended. This book focuses on this sustainability issue of the ecodevelopment project in India. Econometric analysis of the data justified a new approach for sustainable management of commons. This book presents a study that is first of its kind. In this study, the impact of institutions on both the economic development of villagers and the ecological development of forests that have to be preserved to maintain biodiversity has been analyzed in the presence of microfinance tools. Moreover, this book uniquely combines the analysis of institutions, economic development, microfinance and forests preservation towards better management of commons along with poverty alleviation. This book will be useful to forest planners, policymakers, governments, donors and scientists who are interested in institutional, environmental and economic sustainability. ····· 10361102555

Telling Absence

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Telling Absence This book concerns feminist sociological analysis of war loss and its consequences as experienced and told by Finnish Karelian war widows of World War 2. Over 400,000 refugees from this ceded South-Eastern area were permanently resettled elsewhere in Finland. Seriousness, generosity and humour prevailed when the war widows told about their lives as patterned with hardship and change. A participatory and dialogical approach has characterised the encounters with the widows, drawing on the work of Dorothy Smith, Alfred Schütz and Liz Stanley. A key theoretical theme is that of war`s times`, a conceptual term which highlights the widows` tellings as an ongoing archive of war, inclusive of wartime events, to living with the consequences of war ever since the war started, right up until now. This work is a rhizome of connected questions: What is war What is time How to tell And above all, how do I know about telling Or how may I claim to know altogether Thus this work has developed in two directions, one towards trying to understand loss and the other towards reflexive thinking about knowledge in and of itself. ····· 10361102438

European, British, and U.S. Family Formation and Patterns-A Comparison

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Family life in the European, British, and U.S. contexts has altered dramatically by decreased marriage and remarriage rates, increased divorce and cohabitation rates, decreased fertility rates, increased numbers of unmarried parents, and increased numbers of children born out-of-wedlock. Although marriage has given way somewhat to cohabitation and divorce, cohabitation has not yet replaced marriage. Many people in Europe, Great Britain, and the United States have positive attitudes toward marriage and family life, and marriage continues to form the core of one`s life in all these three cultures. Marriage and family are still important and valued units for these societies. The pattern of changes that are happening in the European, British, and the U.S. family life suggests that these families are more similar than different from each other. However, differences exist. Some of the differences and similarities noticed may be a function of cultural differences and similarities as well as a function of changes in the societies` values, ideology, and social/economic perspective. ····· 10361102367

Social Capital As a Survial Strategy

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In the past few years increasing voices from the development community had asserted the importance of social capital as an effective agent for change for diverse development outcomes.Culture, norms, and trust that are embedded within the structure of social networks as the literature asserts, are the chief factors for facilitating reciprocal and mutually beneficial interactions, while lowering transaction costs and restraining opportunism. This book presents research conducted in El Bab villages in Syria to investigate forms and impact of social capital in light of the many challenges facing Syrian rural populations. The sector`s challenges are mainly due to climatic shocks, land fragmentation and scarcity of water resources, in addition to the new challenges that will arise once the gradual liberalization of Syria`s economy is complete. Policy recommendations addressing policy makers and development practitioners call for investing on social ties, forging partnerships with development organizations, as well as drawing special attention to analyzing macro- micro linkages to address development challenges and sustainability issues. ····· 10361102364

Intervention Model for Sustainable Household Food Security

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The book `Intervention Model for Sustainable Household Food Security` is the culmination of a painstaking innovation in intervention theory, field and analytical framework to bridge the gap between programme intervention theory and practice. It explores popular theoretical intervention designs and determines the extent of application in food security intervention, and the impact on households. A rigorous ex-post evaluation method based on multiple intervention case studies is used to enhance validity of the inferences drawn. The synthesis of the research is an intervention model applicable to relevant intervention programmes. ····· 10361102312

Finding Home Far Away from Home

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The resettlement of African Refugees in Western countries is a recent phenomenon and Australia has received its share mainly in the last two decades. The outcome of this resettlement is however highly influenced both by the past and current experiences of the refugees and the attitude of the host community. Resettlement is a complex experience and it involves dealing with the past and moving in to the present to make a home, a place for the future even in an unhomely environment. It is about building a new community` with new structures in a new environment negotiating identities and re- creating places. This study explores the notion of place attachment, identity and resettlement among Africans in Hobart. It investigates how past emotional attachment to places might have affected ways in which refugees negotiate to find a new home far away from home` by making new places and building communities. The central question that this study seeks to address is how past place attachment and identity affect the place making process and resettlement. ····· 10361102284

The Voorlees Express

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Theory essentially holds, that the more capital one posses`, the more they will prosper within modern society. The Voorlees Express is a reading project in the Netherlands designed for children and since it`s introduction in 2006 the project has worked to ease some of the socio-cultural challenges associated with becoming an increasingly globalized nation. Recently receiving national media attention, a visit from the Dutch Princess Maxima and the 2010 European Language-Label Award (Europees Talenlabel) for innovative language education, it is concluded in this sociological investigation that the Voorlees Express is indeed a favorable starting point for non-native Dutch people to increase their levels of both social and cultural capital. ····· 10361102238

Impacts of Public Attitudes on Dolphins

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With whalewatching activities and associated expenditures increasing annually, governments in coastal countries have a vested interest in the continued growth and protection of whale populations and their associated tourism. To date there have been no surveys conducted to establish baseline levels of public behaviors, attitudes, and knowledge of cetaceans or their conservation in Belize. This survey quantifies the level of impact that whalewatching has on the conservation awareness gained by tourists. In addition the survey sought to determine whether tourists are less likely to go to anti-whaling or pro-whaling countries on holiday whether tourists are more or less likely to go to captive facilities or on dolphin or whalewatching excursions whether tourists gain or increase their level of environmental awareness by observing dolphins in their natural habitat and to quantify the respondents` overall environmental attitudes, behaviors, and knowledge. This survey provides evidence and encouragement to Belizean government officials in favor of maintaining protective cetacean legislation and conservation-based policies. ····· 10361102214

Understanding Collective Action

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This study sought to explore the applicability of collective action theories in a typical Zimbabwean communal setting. For purposes of this study, the following four attributes of collective action prominent in literature, were examined: organisation, mobilisation, interest and opportunity. The attributes of collective action, as defined in literature, are examined using empirical examples from Chishawasha Communal Area. This study attempted to understand some of the issues associated with collective action, largely viewed to be important for successful implementation of social development projects.Collective Action is common in engagements perceived by community members as being beneficial to them. ····· 10361102198

Social Capital, Access to Water and People Living with HIV/AIDS

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The importance of social capital in community development cannot be underplayed. Social capital amongst other things acts as a safety net for vulnerable groups when it comes to the access of resources which are poorly distributed. Water is one such resource. Much of the suffering due to inadequate access to water and sanitation is borne by the poor, those who live in degraded environments, and overwhelmingly by women, girls and other vulnerable groups. One of the most affected vulnerable groups is the People Living with HIV/AIDS. This is because water is a vital component in the proper provision of home based care and the management and reduction of opportunistic infections. This book therefore seeks to bring to the fore the opportunities presented by social capital for the society in general and vulnerable groups that may be marginalized for one reason or another. This book will be instrumental for academics, community development practitioners and particularly those working with vulnerable groups and in the field of Natural Resource Management. ····· 10361102156

BETTER OPTIONS FOR INTEGRATED FLOODPLAIN MANAGEMENT IN BANGLADESH

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The purpose of the research was to develop an implementation methodology for wider practice of Integrated Floodplain Management (IFM) options in diverse floodplain situations in Bangladesh through adaptive testing of improved IFM options with the participation of user communities and related stakeholders. It also had the purpose of promoting improved IFM options to key decision makers and organisations who are influential in maximising joint benefits from floodplains, and especially those who target the millions of people (poor men and women) in rural Bangladesh. The IFM options aimed at maximising joint benefits (rice and fish) from the floodplains. It was assumed that piloting IFM options would create an opportunity to build consensus among the various users of floodplain resources to protect and enhance the open capture fisheries upon which the poor are most dependent. The farmers can also potentially gain through adopting alternative crop management practices that are fish friendly. Through this it was hoped that key policy stakeholders and practitioners could be reached, to contribute to changing their views and approaches to floodplain management. ····· 10361102146

Resilience, Social Support and Anxiety Among Drug Addicts

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The study was conducted to explore the relationship between resilience, social support and anxiety among drug addicts. The Resilience Scale (Grotberg, 1995), Multidimensional Scale for Perceived Social Support (Zimet, 1988) and Hamilton Rating Scale for Anxiety (Hamilton, 1959) were administered on the sample of the study consisted of (N = 120) drug addicts selected on the basis of stratified random sampling. Information about age, education, working status and marital status were also gathered. The reliability estimates of the scales showed high internal consistency of the measures used in the study. The results of the Pearson Product Moment Correlation indicated that there was positive correlation between resilience and social support. Anxiety was negatively correlated with resilience and social support. Results regarding drug type showed that heroine drug addicts had high level of resilience and social support and low level of anxiety as compared to nicotine drug addicts. ····· 10361102133

FARMING SYSTEMS IN THE TANK COMMANDS IN NORTH EASTERN KARNATAKA (INDIA)

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Indian agriculture is featured by damages caused due to scarcity of rainfall on one hand and floods on the other. More than 75% of rainfall occurs during four months and in the low rainfall regions it is critical to conserve rainwater for irrigation. Canals and tanks are the major sources of surface irrigation. This manuscript is based on the dissertation work of master thesis by Saikumar C. Bharamappanavara in 3 districts of North Eastern Karnataka (South India) in the selected tank commands rejuvenated by Jala Samvardhane Yojana Sangha (JSYS), with an objective of identifying and analyzing cost and returns of major farming systems. The research study in the Community Based Tank Management Consultancy Project (CBTMCP) area based on multistage random sampling technique has proved its quality and present monograph is materialized to make it available to the scientific community. The study focuses mainly on the farming systems practiced by farmers in the tank commands and deployment of the resources. Later part also analyses impact of On-Farm Demonstrations and Farmers Field School based on the field research. ····· 10361102125

Total Quality Management in the Electronic Age in University Libraries

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In this book author have been focused on the Application of Total Quality Management in Electronic Environment in University Libraries. This book covers the practical aspect of Total Quality Management in 13 reputed University Libraries of India. This study explore the all the issues of Total Quality Management in modern electronic age. At the end of the book many suggestion and solution have been provided by the author based on the study related to application of Total Quality Management. This book will be useful who wish to acquire Total Quality in their libraries or service organization. This book will be useful for the library manager to acquire TQM in their library and to satisfy the user in electronic environment. ····· 10361102115

Non volatile memories based on Silicon dots

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Our daily life tells us that new technologies are continuously developed. Personal computer, cellular phones, digital camera, mp3 player pervade our life. Looking into the recent past, electronic devices have been proliferated reduced in the size and improved in the performances. Since memories are present in almost every electronic system, these technological advances depend on the development of the semiconductor memory itself. Since the very beginning of such development, the information in conventional non volatile memory device can be stored in a conductive floating gate or in an insulating layer such as in MNOS. Over the years the memory market has been continuously increasing and this has led, in the 1995, to the introduction of a new memory cell based on discrete traps. It was already clear at that point that the realization of such memory cell would be difficult. The scientific community is still very uncertain about the questions whether, and how such device could work. Since then, there has been a lot of progress in the field of memory cell based on discrete traps, but the basic questions about the real advantages offered by such memory devices are still open today. ····· 10361102020

ELECTRONIC WASTE MANAGEMENT

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Electric and electronic waste (e-waste) becomes the most rapidly growing waste problem in the world. This book covers the involvement of silicon products in e-waste, which was generally ignored. Environmental impact and the possible way of management are separately mentioned in different chapters. Some practical photos showing the lacking in e- waste management and the idea of greener electronics is individually focused in the fifth chapter. ····· 10361102010

Stakeholder influence and Business Behavior

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The research for this Book Stakeholder influence and Business Behavior:Participation by Transnational Manufacturing firms in Voluntary Environmental Initiatives in Singapore and Malaysia`was funded by a University postgraduate scholarship and is concerned with the role of non-state actors in motivating transnational firms in Singapore and Malaysia to participate in voluntary environmental initiatives. Some eight months of fieldwork included a postal questionnaire survey of transnational firms in Singapore and Malaysia followed by interviews of key informants from the industry, NGOs, and government departments. This research has been suprvised by Associate Prof. Henry Yeung and Dr Timothy Bunnell from the Department of Geography, National University of Singapore. Late Dato Sri Prof. Samad Hadi from UKM, Malaysia also supervised this research in Malaysia as IKMAS, UKM had provided the support for this research in Malaysia. ····· 10361101918

Women`s Experiences of Ethnic Conflicts: The Case of Northern Ghana

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Though all groups suffer from armed conflict situations, there is sufficient evidence that such conflcits are gendered and women`s already marginalised positions worsens when such conflcits do occur.Using Critical Discourse Analysis, this book suggests that women in Northern Ghana suffered tremeandously in the 1994 `Guinea fowl` conflcit that occurred in Northern Region of Ghana and this is not different from experiences of women else where. I particularly focused on feminist analysis of the impact of armed conflcits. The invisibility of women in the peace building process was also evident after the cessation of hostilities. The book therefore strongly argues for women`s inclusion since their voices need to be heard. This will ensure that women`s concerns and experiences are included in the peace building process.Women by the dint of their perculiar experiences will also bring a positive face to conflict resolution by emphasising on basic and family needs. Conflict resolution must therefore be done by depending on the human rights agender for both men and women. ····· 10361101874

Sex Tourism

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The potential for the sex tourism industry to become legalised in South Africa with regard to the 2010 FIFA World Cup was an issue which raised much controversy and was at the top of the agenda for debate within government, the business sector and civil society. This book provides an investigation into the perceptions of students at a Further Education & Training College towards the sex tourism industry, together with selected components such as child sex tourism and human trafficking. A life in prostitution can begin due to a number of contributing factors such as poverty and human trafficking. During the course of this book the socio-cultural impacts of these components shall be examined. The training of tourism and hospitality staff is seen as a vehicle for combating one of the components of the sex tourism industry, namely, child sex tourism and, thus, it is necessary to examine these antecedent factors. There is very little academic literature on the sex tourism industry in South Africa and this study is geared towards professionals in the tourism industry and academics as a tool to shed some light on this rapidly growing industry. ····· 10361101846

Estimation of Wheat Yield Response in Pakistani Punjab

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In an environment of fluctuating yields due to weather uncertainties and varying market responses of farmers as a whole the importance of having correct estimates of production is of utmost importance from a public policy point of view. For making right decisions about the most sensitive area of food security and for long term planning it is desirable to estimate the key variables in advance for a reasonable planning horizon. Also the study of supply response at disaggregated level is imperative as responses may be different for different zones. Therefore, the concern of this thesis is to examine the impact different factors on the supply of agricultural commodities in different agro-ecological zones in Punjab in order to make necessary adjustments in the policy reforms. The knowledge of supply greatly helps in farm decisions in allocation of resources in right direction. It can help planners and policy makers to allocate and achieve production targets and in long term planning. It thus provides a framework for adjusting production to the optimum resource employment to promote economic development. ····· 10361101825

DIETARY PRACTICES OF THE GARO TRIBE

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The nutritional status of a community is the sum of the nutritional status of the individuals who form that community.Food consumption is influenced by many factors such as socio-economic status, culture, religion, education, ignorance, food beliefs and habits. Food habits and food beliefs are among the oldest and most entrenched aspects of any culture. While referring to the various customs of the Garos, one will find that the customs and practices of the Garos are fast changing with the change of times. In the study it was revealed that the Garos were shorter and weighed less compared to their Indian counterparts. It was also observed that farming was the major occupation of the people. The staple food of the Garos was rice.The Garos consumed three meals a day consisting of rice and a dish. The traditional practices and customs of the Garos are deep rooted like any other tribal society.Mass awareness and intervention by various governmental agencies is needed to combat ignorance and faulty food habits. ····· 10361101815

Cooking in India

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The rural kitchens in India are generally full of smoke due to the use of inefficient traditional chulahs (cookstoves) and burning of unprocessed cooking fuels such as firewood, cowdung and crop residues which ultimately causes Indoor air pollution (IAP). This causes severe health problems especially to women and children who are exposed to pollutants for several hours a day while cooking. Among the indoor air pollutants Carbon monoxide (CO) was estimated using Gas Watch before and after installing an improved chulah in selected households. An intervention programme was also conducted for selected homemakers to create awareness on IAP, health of the homemakers and importance of using improved chulah to reduce IAP. The amount of CO emitted by the improved chulah was much lesser than the CO emitted by traditional chulahs. This book, therefore, throws light on the benefits of improved chulahs. If household members are in better health, there is a potential for the household to be more productive, with household adults missing fewer days of work and children missing fewer days of school. This book is useful for students, researchers and people in general as a whole. ····· 10361101795

Payment for Ecosystem Services

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Botswana`s economy has long been mineral-driven, in particular, diamonds and the mining industry contributed 41.4 per cent share of GDP in 2005/06. However, with the expected leveling off of diamond extraction, there is need to diversify the economy. This book will show that tourism as a major potential sector in the economy, contributing 4.5 per cent share to GDP, can bring about shared economic growth and thus hasten the diversification of the economy. Nonetheless, tourism in Botswana is wildlife based but there is regular conflict of wildlife with the local communities. This implies that wildlife needs to be conserved and this book will show that past programs linking wildlife benefits and the local communities such as CBRNM have failed (Pagiola, 2006) to reach their conservation and long-term sustainable development goals. Consequently, mechanisms such as PES have to be instituted to circumvent the threats to wildlife as a source of benefits to the country. Two non-market valuation methods contingent valuation and travel cost are used. The study revealed that there is a potential to establish a PES market in Botswana. ····· 10361101728

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