····· lezzter Preis 21.85€ ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray The development of integrated optical devices demands the fabrication of high-quality optically active thin films. This work focuses on thin sesquioxide films, which are promising because the sesquioxides are well-known hosts for rare-earth-ions, leading to luminescent materials and solid-state lasers with superior mechanical and thermal properties (e. g. low phonon energies, large thermal conductivity).Optical quality crystalline thin films of rare-earth-doped sesquioxides (yttria, lutetia, and scandia) have been grown by the pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique on single-crystal (0001) a-alumina substrates. Alumina substrates offer a lattice constant that matches that of cubic Y2O3 in the ß111± direction very well. Using Lu2O3 and Sc2O3, the mismatch of 4.8% related to Y2O3 on alumina substrates can be considerably reduced leading to the production of films with less dislocations.The crystal structure of these films (thicknesses from 1 nm to 500 nm) was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and surface X-ray diffraction (SXRD) analysis. These measurements show that the films were textured along the ß111± direction, however with a small polycrystalline component, which is negligible in thick films. Using Rutherford backscattering analysis (RBS), the correct stoichiometric composition of the films could be proved. At optimum growth conditions, epitaxial growth of Y2O3 along the ß111± direction on the (0001) a-Al2O3 was experimentally verified by the observation of channelling in the RBS experiments.The surface morphology of the thin films has been studied using atomic force microscopy (AFM). While amorphous films have no defined surface structure, crystalline films show a triangular surface morphology, which is attributed to the ß111± growth direction. The same structure is observed along the (111) cleavage of an yttria bulk crystal. Thin films with a mean thickness of 5 nm have no completely covered surface, but show island growth, where the shape of the single crystallites, having angles of 60¿ or 120¿ , indicates the ß111± growth direction during the early stages of film growth.To study the optical properties of the rare-earth-doped films, spectroscopic measurements in the (vacuum-) ultraviolet and visible spectral-range have been carried out. The emission and excitation spectra of the Eu3+-doped films look similar to those of the corresponding crystalline bulk material down to a film thickness of 100 nm, i. e. the symmetry around the Eu3+-ions is preserved, whereas films with a thickness ú 20nm show a completely different emission behavior. This change can be explained by subplantation effects of high-energy plasma species hitting the substrate surface, leading to mixed compounds like Y3Al5O12. In addition, surface effects due to a large surface-to-volume ratio of the observed islands have a significant impact on the `film` properties.For possible applications in integrated optics, waveguide experiments have been performed in the system Y2O3ûAl2O3. Single-mode guiding of the fundamental mode was demonstrated in the 1 Ám thick yttria layer. ····· 10361157994
····· lezzter Preis 15.20€ ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Arbeit ist eine Technologie zur Sputterdeposition ferromagnetischer dünner Schichten aufgebaut worden. Nanostrukturierte ferromagnetische Elektroden, die in Experimenten zum spinpolarisierten Transport eingesetzt werden, wurden präpariert und hinsichtlich ihrer elektrischen und magnetischen Eigenschaften charakterisiert. Im ersten Kapitel werden die Grundlagen der Sputterdeposition und des Sputterätzens erklärt sowie das während dieser Arbeit aufgebaute System beschrieben. Die verwendeten Prozesse wurden mit Hilfe statistischer Methoden charakterisiert. Dabei ist der Einfluss der Argon-Ionenenergie und des Prozessdrucks sowohl auf die Depositions- und Ätzraten als auch auf die Rauhigkeiten der Schichten und Substrate systematisch untersucht worden. Erste Ergebnisse bezüglich der Sputterdeposition der ternären Heusler-Legierung Ni2MnIn werden gezeigt. Dabei wird zusätzlich die Abhängigkeit der Filmstöchiometrie von den Prozessparametern untersucht. Das zweite Kapitel behandelt die Charakterisierung gesputterter ferromagnetischer dünner Schichten und Nanostrukturen. Mit Magnetkraftmikroskopie in äußeren Magnetfeldern und dem magnetooptischen Kerr-Effekt wurden die Formanisotropie und die Kristallanisotropie gesputterter Permalloy (Ni80Fe20)-Elektroden und homogener Schichten untersucht. Der anisotrope Magnetowiderstand wurde an Nanodrähten aus Permalloy und Nickel mit Hilfe von Transportmessungen in äußeren Magnetfeldern untersucht.Das dritte Kapitel behandelt Ferromagnet/Supraleiter-Hybridsysteme. Theoretische Konzepte werden vorgestellt, und die Ergebnisse für elektronenstrahllithografisch definierte Kontakte werden diskutiert. Für Punktkontakte ist während dieser Arbeit ein neues Mess- und Auswertesystem entwickelt worden. Aus den damit gemessenen Transportdaten wurde die Spinpolarisation für verschiedene Materialien bestimmt. ····· 10361157955
····· lezzter Preis 18.05€ ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurden lateral strukturierte Halbleiter-Mikroresonatoren hergestellt und mittels optischer Spektroskopie, insbesondere Reflexionsund Photolumineszenzspektroskopie, studiert. Hierbei wurden zwei unterschiedliche Ansätze verfolgt. Einerseits wurden aus planaren Mikroresonatoren lateral gekoppelte photonische Punkte präpariert, andererseits wurden Arrays von Microdisks hergestellt. Im Gegensatz zu den bislang üblichen Verfahren wurde bei der Präparation beider Mikroresonatorarten die holographische Lithographie zur Definition großflächiger periodischer Ätzmasken eingesetzt. In Reflexionsmessungen an stark gekoppelten photonischen Punkten konnten durch die Strukturierung bedingte, neue dispersive Moden beobachtet werden. Die Modenstruktur einer anderen Probe, in die selbstorganisiert gewachsene Quantenpunkte eingebettet waren, konnte mittels Photolumineszenzmessungen untersucht werden. Hier waren die einzelnen photonischen Strukturen nahezu ungekoppelt. In ihnen konnten drei diskrete, dreidimensional eingeschlossene photonische Moden nachgewiesen werden.Es wurden Microdiskproben sowohl mit Quantenfilmen als auch mit Quantenpunkten als eingebettetes aktives Material hergestellt und insbesondere mit Mikro-Photolumineszenzmessungen untersucht. Es zeigte sich, dass die tern¿aren Quantenfilme in den Microdisks zu einem internen Breitbandemitter führten, so dass an einzelnen Microdisks mehrere scharfe optische Resonanzen - so genannte Whispering Gallery Modes - in einem bemerkenswert weiten Energiebereich beobachtet und untersucht werden konnten. Diese Breitbandemission ähnelt derjenigen in Quantenpunkt-Microdisks, wurde aber vorher in Quantenfilm-Microdisks noch nicht beobachtet. Sie hat ihren Ursprung in der Rekombination von an Störstellen gebundenen Elektron-Loch-Paaren, wobei die Anzahl der Störstellen so gering war, dass Reabsorptionsprozesse keine signifikante Rolle spielten. Die in Microdisks eingebetteten selbstorganisiert gewachsenen Quantenpunkte zeigten eine ausgezeichnete optische Qualität. Zusätzlich zum Grundzustand konnten in Ensemblemessungen mindestens drei angeregte elektronische Niveaus deutlich aufgelöst werden. In Photolumineszenzmessungen bei geringen Anregungsleistungen an einzelnen Microdisks konnten diskrete scharfe Emissionslinien höher angeregter Quantenpunkte beobachtet werden. Mit zunehmender Anregungsleistung bildeten sich Whispering Gallery Modes heraus. Beide Arten von Microdisks zeigten in Messungen abhängig von der Anregungsleistung Hinweise auf Lasing. ····· 10361157950
für 44.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray The most well studied of all systems in quantum optics are those that produce laser action. The basic ideas of the laser have given rise to a number of laser-like offspring, including the laser with saturable absorber and the laser with injected signal. In this dissertation our attention is to be directed to another member of this family, namely optical bistability (OB). Under certain circumstances, OB is studied when a beam of light is injected into a ring cavity filled with a homogeneously broadened medium of two-level atoms. In this phenomenon we simply have two stationary values for the transmitted light intensity corresponding to the same incident intensity, so that the medium appears as either transparent or absorbent. The aim of this dissertation is the study of the behavior of the present system in order to show the effect of the system parameters on OB. For this reason we apply the semiclassical treatment where the system can be described by the Coupled Maxwell-Bloch (CMB) equations. Optical tristability (OT), in which we have three stationary values for the transmitted light intensity rather than two, can be obtained when two different sorts of atom exist in the cavity. ····· 10361147154
für 61.20€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray X-ray crystallography is often regarded as a science in its own right and indeed, there are many professional crystallographers who devote all their efforts to the development and practice of the subject. On the other hand, to many other scientists it is only a tool & as such, it is a meeting point of many disciplines - mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, medicine & several others. However, for a crystallographer, the conventional boundaries between scientific subjects often seem rather nebulous as it has undergone an expansion of avalanche proportions in the last decade. Because of its wide applicability and its precision, it has become one of the most important tools in modern day research. The atomic structures, as revealed by X-ray crystallography are increasingly being used to provide detailed insights in to the functional behaviour and mechanism of a molecule. As a consequence, the belief is now widely held that external morphology is no longer of interest or importance and we are urged to adopt a new view-point and to begin the study of crystallography in terms of the structural pattern of crystals. ····· 10361147116
für 61.20€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray Considerable efforts are being given to develop commercially viable technologies in order to alleviate the dependence on hydrocarbons as well as to reduce carbon dioxide emission by the use of fossil fuel. The proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) has emerged as one of the most promising clean energy technology for residential and automotive applications. The high power density, low operating temperature, convenient fuel supply, longer lifetime, and modularity are the attractive features of PEMFC. This book covers the detailed methodology for development and characterization of composite bipolar plate for PEMFC. It also includes the methodology for synthesis and characterization of graphene. The synthesized monolayer graphene was used as one of the reinforcements for the composite bipolar plate. The state of the art for development and performance evaluation of PEMFC is discussed in detail. The information presented in this book will be helpful to the researchers, academicians, and manufacturers for the development of the composite bipolar plate for PEMFC. ····· 10361146374
für 71.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray This book deals with the refraction of GPS signal in the tropical atmosphere conditions prevailing over the Indian subcontinent, with the aim of quantifying the positioning error in GPS based navigation. In this process the tropospheric zenith delay is modeled in terms of atmosphere parameters based on geographical location and day-of-year. This work is highly suitable for the India s GPS based aircraft navigation (GAGAN) and Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS). The GPS data is also used for estimating Precipitable Water (PW) over different locations in India to study its spatial and temporal features. The high resolution time series of zenith delay derived from GPS data is also used to probe the potential of GPS measurements for atmosphere dynamics studies. ····· 10361146218
für 32.90€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray Die Ausführungen Emil Arnold Buddes, die er hier in Energie und Recht zusammengetragen und veröffentlicht hat, stehen im Zusammenhang mit dem seit 1895 geführten Streit über die Körperlichkeit der Elektrizität und der Anwendung des Begriffs des Diebstahls auf eben diese. Budde gibt eine Einführung in die physikalisch-energetische Seite der Diskussion, um auf diese Weise den Juristen und Volkswirten für sie möglicherweise nützliche und wissenswerte Grundsätze der Physik verständlich zu machen. Am Ende stehen erste Ideen zu einem Rechtschutz im Energiesektor.Es ist ein spannender Beitrag zur Geschichte der Energie und ihrer Körperlichkeit, den Budde hier vorlegt. Sorgfältig bearbeiteter Nachdruck der Originalausgabe von 1902. ····· 10361139135
für 35.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray La disponibilidad de agua en la región montañosa de Sinaloa es dependiente de la alta variabilidad de las lluvias, y donde además la población es altamente vulnerable a la disponibilidad de recursos hídricos (tanto en cantidad y calidad). Con el fin de identificar estas aéreas vulnerables se realizó el presente estudio cuyo objetivo fue identificar los sitios donde existe un posible deterioro de la calidad físico-química del agua para consumo humano y uso agropecuario, y así explorar la relación causa-efecto según la temporada de secas o de lluvias. Se llevaron a cabo campañas de monitoreo piezométrico y de toma de muestras de agua bajo tres condiciones: antes, durante y después del temporal de lluvias en la zona de los Altos de Sinaloa (LAS). Los datos recabados en campo y analizados en laboratorio se analizaron y discutieron mediante tres procedimientos: 1) analizando el polígono de frecuencias de cada parámetro 2) analizando las relaciones de causa-efecto, y 3) analizando la influencia de las condiciones de lluvia. Obteniendose como resultado que los constituyentes analizados manifiestaron comportamientos diferentes según la temporada. ····· 10361137826
für 26.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray Desde hace varios años,los padecimientos cadiacos se han convertido en una de las principales causas de mortalidad de la humanidad. El uso de herramientas científicas contemporáneas derivadas de la dinámica no lineal, se han empezado a utilizar para ayudar para determinar el grado de avance en problemas cardiovasculares, con la intención de complementar los diagnósticos de la medicina convencional. En este estudio se pretende contribuir en el desarrollo de nuevas técnicas que, en su conjunto, formen parte de una batería de pruebas científicas que ayuden a mejorar la calidad de vida del ser humano. Bajo el título de Análisis no lineal y escalamiento de excursiones en señales cardiacas se presenta el libro, que está inscrita en el marco de la dinámica no lineal como una rama emergente de la física estadística y de sistemas complejos. En él se aborda la problemática de la dinámica cardiaca como un sistema complejo, cuya propiedad emergente a estudiar es la serie de tiempo de la variabilidad del ritmo cardiaco, en la cual está contenida información tanto de control como de respuesta del sistema, que se ve reflejada en forma de correlaciones temporales y de distribución en la señal. ····· 10361137497
für 26.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray Se prepararon películas delgadas M-SiO2 por el método sol-gel para el estudio de su morfología. Las películas delgadas fueron depositadas en sustratos de vidrio mediante la técnica de Dip-coating. La inmersión de los sustratos se realizó a temperatura ambiente, controlando la viscosidad de este para un estudio de los resultados. Las películas fueron tratadas térmicamente en una mufla convencional y caracterizados en el Microscopio de Fuerza Atómica para el análisis de su superficie. ····· 10361137296
für 44.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray Este libro surgió de realizar una búsqueda de las necesidades que se encuentran en aplicaciones a nivel industrial-médico. Este texto muestra el diseño y construcción de un manipulador de dos grados de libertad, el diseño se realizó por medio de la herramienta computacional Computer Aided Design (CAD) y el análisis estructural por medio de Computer Aided Engineering (CAE) en específico Análisis por el Finite Elements Method (FEM) con el software SolidWorks, para la construcción o fabricación de piezas del robot se utilizarón herramientas de Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) con el software Mastercam X4 y las rutinas generadas se cargaron en una máquina de Computered Numeric Control (CNC) y un centro de mecanizado. Se implementó un algoritmo en Matlab que muestra el área de trabajo, el desarrollo cinemático, dinámico e implementación del controlador híbrido fuerza-posición. Se presentan simulaciones del comportamiento del robot con el controlador en Simulink y LabView. Por último se realizan pruebas con el robot real para validar los resultados obtenidos de la simulación entre SolidWorks-Labview. ····· 10361136662
für 44.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray Vegetation influences the whole ecosystem and climate. Its research and monitoring has therefore always been one of the most important fields of remote sensing. To extract some useful information from the remotely sensed data, it is necessary to understand how the measured signal is formed and what affects it. Vegetation radiative transfer models embrace this knowledge base. Ground truth data is needed for developing and validating the models. UAVSpec-series spectrometer systems have been designed for measuring the top-of-canopy forest reflectance. These are fully autonomous spectrometer systems suitable for measurements from unmanned aerial vehicles. Dark signal temperature dependences and instrument functions of the spectrometer modules were parametrized. In order to guarantee the metrological quality of spectroscopic measurements, these parameters must be taken into account in the data processing workflow. This book sheds some light to airborne spectral measurements and use of miniature spectrometer modules. ····· 10361136055
für 44.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray Space weather has become an international issue due to the catastrophic impact it can have on modern societies. Solar flares are one of the major solar activities that drive space weather. Thus, research is required to yield a better understanding of flare occurrence and enable an accurate flare forecasting. This work introduces novel technologies developed by combining advances in statistical physics, image processing, machine learning, and feature selection algorithms, with advances in solar physics in order to extract valuable knowledge from historical solar data, related to active regions and flares. The aim of this work is to achieve the followings: 1) The design of a new measurement, inspired by the physical Ising model, to estimate the magnetic complexity in active regions and an investigation of this measurement in relation to flares. 2) Determination of the flare prediction capability of active region properties generated by the new active region detection system SMART to enable the design of a new flare prediction system. 3) Determination of the active region properties that are most related to flare occurrence in order to enhance understanding flare occurrence. ····· 10361135665
für 71.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray Nonlinear optics has been a rapidly growing scientific field in the recent decades. It is the study of the interactions of light with matter under the condition in which the nonlinear response of the atoms plays an important role. This book clearly explains the basic requirements needed for the nonlinear optical materials. The general level of presentation has been kept elementary with emphasis on the physical reasoning underlying the interpretation of the nonlinear optical materials suitable for device fabrications. Nonlinear optical (NLO) materials find useful applications in the fields of photonics and optoelectronics. This book presents fundamental aspects of growth and characterization of some NLO materials Trisglycine Zinc Chloride (TGZC), Triglycine Acetate (TGAc), Glycine Lithium Sulphate (GLS), L-Prolinium Tartrate (LPT) and Dichloridodiglycine Zinc Dihydrate having more SHG efficiency. The grown materials using solution growth technique are subjected to XRD, FTIR, UV, Dielectric, Hardness, Thermal, Electrical and Photoconductivity studies to confirm the characteristics required for the NLO activity of the materials. ····· 10361135589
für 53.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray This book is a Ph.D thesis. The elaborated study was carried out in Moroccan city (Meknes City) and more particularly along the Oued Boufekrane River that passes inside this city. Many samples (soil, sediment and water) were collected along the study area and during two campaigns of sampling. The collected samples were analyzed using different analytical techniques mainly WD-XRF and ICP-AES. The treatment and the interpretation of the obtained results were carrying out exploiting many statistical tools. So, statistical tests were used to compare the results obtained by WD-XRF and ICP-AES and the multivariate statistics was applied to define the emission sources in the studied area. The analyses of metal contents in soil samples showed that the distribution of these elements, along the studied sites, is homogeneous with the exception of Pb that showed high contents at the vicinity of the road axes. In sediments, two groups have been distinguished the first group showed enrichment downstream the city and the second group indicated enrichment inside the city. These results have been corroborated by the calculation of the correlation matrixes and a Principal Components Analysis. ····· 10361134385
für 44.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray Inhalation of radon (222Rn) and its daughter products can cause lung cancer to human beings. Recent studies in different countries have shown that radon and its short lived progenies contribute the largest fraction of dose received by the general public from the environment. This makes the role of radon measurement in dwellings highly critical in monitoring human health and safety. An enhanced radon concentration had been observed in soil, air and water samples above many fault zones of the world. It is also revealed that radon concentration changes in conjunction with the earthquake. The detailed literature review on radon concentration levels in fault zone areas of the world is given in this book. Also the study of indoor radon concentration levels in the fault zone areas of Khyber Pukhtoonkwa is also presented. This book will help the graduate students and teachers doing research in environmental radiation dosimetery field. ····· 10361134165
für 61.20€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray Community Radio broadcasting is nonprofit service that is owned and managed by a particular community, usually through a trust, foundation or association. Its aim is to serve and benefit that community. It is in effect, a form of public-service broadcasting, but it serves a community rather than the whole Nation, as is the usual form of public broadcasting. In the age of multimedia and online communication, the potential of community radio to provide for effective outreach to discuss and create demand for the internet has become even greater. By using community radio and browsing the internet to respond to listeners direct queries, by sharing information and knowledge derived from the internet, the whole community is involved and empowered with new opportunities. This book can contribute towards helping different communication professionals, students, researchers, actors, planners and radio programme producers in community radio stations to make more efficient use of community media for community development by getting people involved in clarifying issues and solving problems and in talking to each other. ····· 10361133947· 1 · ::::: · 3 ·· 4 ·· 5 ·· 6 ·· 7 ·· 8 ·· 9 · ::::: · 10 ·
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