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Foot and Mouth Disease

für 44.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray
Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is one of the highly contagious diseases of domestic animals which has highly economic importance. The disease has got transboundary importance and rank first in list A of infectious diseases of animals, as per World Organization for Animal Health, Paris (OIE). Effective control of this disease needs sensitive, specific and quick diagnostic tools at each tier of control strategy. In this book we have described the various immune-molecular tools for the specific detection of the virus from the clinical materials. ····· 10361115679

BLOOD METABOLITES EFFECT MILK FATTY ACIDS IN DAIRY BUFFFALOES

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Milk has been an issue of public health concern due to unhealthy fats. This study investigated changes in milk fatty acids (FA) in relation to blood metabolites with advancing age and lactation stage in dairy buffaloes. A total of 12 dairy buffaloes were studied for six weeks in Peshawar. The serum glucose concentration averaged 59.02 mg/dl and triglyceride were 54.63 mg/dl. Glucose and triglyceride concentration was a bit high in older animals. Saturated FAs (SFAs) were averaged 70.41 g/100g. C14:1, C16:1 and C18:3 were significantly (P0.05) higher in younger buffaloes while C18:1cis, medium chain FA and long chain FA were higher in older ones (P 0.05). Desaturase activity was significantly (P 0.05) higher in younger animals. Even though the SFA and UFA were not significantly affected by age but the data trend showed a little higher SFA in older animals compared to younger ones. The ratio of 9 desaturase activity was also non-significantly affected by lactation stage. It was concluded that blood glucose and triglyceride were lower, milk FA quality was better and desaturase was higher in younger animals at early lactation. ····· 10361115499

Comparative Study of IVF and parthenogenesis in bubaline oocytes

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The objective of this study was to understand the pitfalls of the poor oocyte cleavage and subsequent embryo production by assessing the developmental competence of the oocytes in buffalo using parthenogenesis as a model which was compared with IVF (natural activation). Buffalo ovaries were collected from slaughter house and matured oocytes were subjected to either IVF (control) or chemical activation (treatment)[7% ethanol (ET)for 7 min + 2.5 mM 6-Di methyl amino purine (6-DMAP) for 4 hr, or 7% ET for 7 min + 10 ug/ml Cycloheximide (CHX) for 6 hr or 7% ET for 7 min + 2.5 mM 6-DMAP + 10 ug/ml CHX for 6 hr]. Fertilized and chemically activated oocytes were cultured in mSOF medium for 8 days to study embryo development.In conclusion, the results of parthenogenesis, revealed that buffalo oocytes had better inherent developmental competence and the poor cleavage and embryo development following IVF, in our study, may partly be due to the poor quality of frozen-thawed sperm, improper sperm capacitation and/ or fertilization. Further, high ambient temperature adversely affected the cleavage and embryo development following IVF. ····· 10361115481

Bovine Theileria and Babesia species from South-western Uganda

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In this study, six sub-counties of Kashaari County (Uganda) were randomly selected and a total of 363 cattle sampled to test for presence of Theileria and Babesia species (TBs) using reverse line blot assay (RLB). A questionnaire was in addition used to explore cattle farming practices, farmers` understanding of tick control and associated problems in the study area. The prevalence of TBs were found to be 19.8% (CI=95%, 15.7-23.9%) and 0.6% (CI= 95%, -0.2-1.4%) respectively with at least 68% (CI=95%, 63.2-72.8) of the Theileria infected cattle infected with more than one Theileria species. Theileria species detected include T.parva, T. mutans T.taurotragi, T. vilifera, T.buffeli, T.spp. (sable), T.spp. (buffalo) and T.bicornis at 24% (CI=95%, 19.6-28.4%), 24% (CI=95%, 19.6-28.4%), 14% (CI=95%, 10.4-17.6%), 13.7% (CI=95%, 10.2-17.2%), 12.6% (CI=95%, 9.2-16.0%), 10.4% (CI=95%, 7.26-13.54%), 4.4% (CI=95%, 2.3-6.5%) and 3.8% (CI=95%, 1.8-5.8%) respectively. The prevalences of different TBs among different cattle age groups, breeds, management systems and place (sub county) of origin are discussed. ····· 10361115264

Handbook of Veterinary Obstetrics & Infertility in Farm Animals

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This Handbook Has Been Written With View To Assist The Veterinarians, Students And Animal Health Professionals In Diagnosis, Treatment And Preventions Of Veterinary Obstetrics And Infertility In Farm Animals. The Section First Contains Practical Approch Towords Various Obstetrical Conditions Encountered By Veterinarians While Workining In Animals Health Industries Along With Solution On It.While Section Second Contains various Infertility conditions Encountered On Field Level of Cow/Buffaloes. It Also Include The Diagnostic As Well As Treatment Approch Towords This conditions. This Book ProvidesTechnical Information on Veterinary Obstetrics And Infertility In Farm Animals For Disease Diagnosis, Treatment And Prevention. The Book Is Written In Simple language And Comprises Plenty Of Illustrations Which Will Be Certainly Help In Better Understandining Of Subject. ····· 10361115239

Taking a prophylactic guard against Paratuberculosis

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Paratuberculosis (Johne`s disease) is a chronic infectious, granulomatous enteric disease of domestic and wild ruminants caused by Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (Map). To date, no effective prophylactic candidates are available for early protection against the paratuberculosis infection in animals. Numerous secretory proteins Map have shown to be potent immunogens and can be used as subunit vaccines/DNA vaccine and also can be used as a specific detection .This book, therefore provides a novel antigen family protein of Map, PPE (proline-proline-glutamic acid rich) an unique antigen, which has been characterized, expressed in prokaryotic as well as eukaryotic system to preliminary study it`s existence and further immunoreactivity was studied alone as well as with an adjuvant model gamma interferon in murine model to elucidate its importance to develop DNA vasccine against paratuberculosis infection in animals. ····· 10361115163

Epidemiology of human rabies with reference to animal bite

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Human rabies is cent percent fatal disease of antiquity. It is acute encephalitis with fatal outcome and no effective cure.Prevention by immunization is the onlysolution as on date and the problem assumes significance due to fact that India continues to contribute 4 out of 5 rabies deaths in the world.Present study revealed the number of animal bite cases is on increasing trend while number of human rabies patient was static. There was uneven and irregular monthly distribution of human rabies patients.Males were more vulnerable than females.Children rabies cases were crucial as more number cases were converted into rabies cases. Rural and illiterate people were mostly victims. People working in fields i.e. farmers and labour are affected most is noteworthy.It was crystal clear that dog bitten cases were highest among animal bite as well as rabies cases. Class III degree bite was at most risk to get converted into human rabies cases.95% of victims were not taken any post-bite vaccination.Hydrophobia and aerophobia were pathognomonic signs shown by all victims.4.5% cases died of neuroparalysis due to Nerve tissue vaccination complication. ····· 10361115090

STUDIES ON ANTIMICROBIAL RESIDUES IN TABLE EGG

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This book introduces a study about the prevalence of four used antimicrobials (chlortetracycline, sulfanilamide, enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin) in table egg. A total of 2500 egg samples collected from layer farms were screened using Premi test for the presence of antimicrobials in egg white and egg yolk. (12.8%) of the samples examined were found positive. Egg white has(8%)prevalence percentage and egg yolk has(4.3%). HPLC was used for identification and quantification of the antimicrobials. Decreases in the antimicrobial residues concentrations of the four examined antimicrobial drugs were appreciable after boiling at 100 ºC for 15 minutes and frying at 160 ºC for 5 minutes, more than 90% of the initial concentration were reduced for some drugs. Whereas, decreases were less upon storage at refrigeration at 10 ºC for four weeks and after storage at room temperature at 25 ºC for tow weeks. ····· 10361114695

Participatory Epidemiology

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Participatory epidemiology is a branch of veterinary epidemiology that uses a combination of practitioner communication skills and participatory methods to involve animal keepers in the analysis of animal disease problems, and the design, implementation and evaluation of veterinary programmes and policies. Much of the early development of participatory epidemiology occurred in remote areas of Africa, where conventional veterinary services were limited, but where pastoralists possessed rich indigenous knowledge on animal diseases. This book presents some of the early studies on participatory epidemiology in East Africa, and assesses the validity and reliability of the approach by comparing information derived from adapted participatory methods with conventional veterinary investigation and epidemiological information. Field research with pastoralist communities in South Sudan, Kenya and Tanzania is described, covering cattle diseases such as chronic wasting , trypanosomiasis, and foot and mouth disease. These validation studies demonstrated why participatory epidemiology was an important approach for improving livestock disease control and human welfare in resource-poor settings. ····· 10361114670

Horse Population, Breeds and Risk Status in the World

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Horses have been increasingly being used as sports and leisure animals worldwide. However, there was no collective information on global horse population and their distribution. A sound knowledge of the global horse populations is crucial to know the existing population size, breeds, risk status and for epidemiological studies. The information in this book is presented by analyzing the data available on two databases of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) namely: DAD-IS and FAOSTAT. There are 58.7 million horses and 8.7 horses per 1000 persons in the world in 2008. A total of 784 horse breeds have been reported in the world. The majority of the reported horse breeds are unknown breeds. The Arab and Thoroughbred horses are the most diversed horse breeds in the world. A total of 22.6 % of the world`s horse breeds are at risk while 11.5 % are extinct from the world. It was shown that 31.8 % of the horse breeds were not at risk while 34.1 % had an unknown status. With the outcome of this book I have fulfilled the gap by providing the collective information on existing horse population, horse per person, horse breeds, and more importantly the risk status of breed in the world. ····· 10361114616

UDDER HEALTH OF CAMELS UNDER PASTORALIST MANAGEMENT CONDITIONS

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Present manuscript determines prevalence, etiology and efficacy of a therapeutic protocol against mastitis in she camels of central Punjab-Pakistan. 400 milk samples (200 each from district Faisalabad and Jhang) from udder quarters of different breeds were collected. Surf Field Mastitis test was used to assess prevalence of subclinical mastitis, which was, in Distt. Faisalabad 41.5% while it was 38.5% in Distt. Jhang, while, clinical mastitis was 7% in both the districts. Staphylococcus and streptococcus were the major cause of mastitis. 12 different antibiotics were tested for their sensitivity against the bacterial isolates recovered from the milk samples of Mareecha, Desi and crossbred she camels. Oxytetracycline was the most effective in vitro antibiotics. Bacteriological cure rate was 64.2% and 78.75% of the treated quarters of clinically mastitic she camels at the 7 and 14th days of post treatment, while bacteriological cure rate in subclinical mastitic dromedaries was 93.75% and 100% at the 7 and 14th days of post treatment in both the districts. Combination therapy with antibiotics proved effective in treatment of clinical and subclinical mastitis in she camels. ····· 10361114519

Equine Anhidrosis

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Anhidrosis is an abnormal condition of Equines which means lack of sweating. It is also known by a number of other names including Adiaphoresis, Ischidrosis, Hypohidrosis, Oligidria, Oligohidrosis and Sweating deficiency. In Pakistan, equines are still on of the principal means of transporting goods and people. The lives of these draught horses have often been plagued by miserable and poor conditions as equines in Pakistan belong to poor families, which cannot afford their proper well being. In Pakistan, summer is extremely dangerous for horses. In such conditions, anhidrosis is a natural consequence as horses are unable to cope with sizzling heat and added burden of high work load. There is paucity of research on various aspects of anhidrosis in horses in Pakistan. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the clinico-epidemiological features of anhidrosis in horses, to determine the biochemical alterations in horses suffering from anhidrosis, and to evaluate the comparative efficacy of iodinated casein and germinated wheat in the treatment of anhidrosis in horses. ····· 10361114089

INTRADERMAL ADMINISTRATION OF VACCINES AND IMMUNE RESPONSE IN PIGLETS

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The immunity development, the intensity of the humoral and cellular immune response, efficacy of protection and the ability to overwhelm colostrum-derived specific antibody was stududied after the intradermal (ID) vaccination in piglets. The ability of piglets to develop immunity was measured at 3, 7, 14 and 28 days. Full immune-competence was confirmed in piglets aged 28 days. Groups of younger piglets, vaccinated at 3, 7 and 14 days, showed a measurable response, agedependency was corresponding with the maturation of the immune organs and cells. Immunity development was researched further in piglets with colostrum-derived antibodies compared with piglets without colostrum-derived antibodies. Piglets vaccinated ID after weaning also exhibited fully comparable results to IM administration. The serology results were confirmed through challenge infection of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Results of the trial confirmed that ID vaccination provoked the same, or even stronger, protection in comparison to IM vaccinated animals. The different quantities of antigen in ID vaccines resulted in not proportional levels of protection. ····· 10361113694

Bull-biostimulation in postpartum buffaloes

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In tropical countries, domestic buffalo production is an indispensable livestock resource to millions of smallholder farmers. However, buffaloes are considered as difficult breeder because of their inherent susceptibility to environmental stress which cause anestrus and repeat breeding, besides delayed age at first calving and delayed postpartum estrus. This monograph, presents a novel strategy to optimize overall reproductive performance and fertility response in postpartum buffaloes through use of bull-biostimulation. Biostimulation through bull exposure offers an efficient strategy to increase the number of pregnant animals during the earlier days of mating period after calving. Introduction of bulls to buffalo herd could be a rational management strategy for reducing the postpartum anestrus by enhancing reproductive function in buffaloes. The work should help to improve management approaches in these animals and should be especially valuable to the livestock farmers as well as researchers involved in studies of pheromones and behavioral and endocrine responses in conspecifics. ····· 10361113666

Conservation priorities and livelihood functions of cattle resources

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Cattle rearing in India enable poor and landless farmers to earn a living and an important input for agriculture. Regionally adapted animal genetic resources were fulfilling these functions, whose population is under threat and the gene pool is getting diluted due to various reasons. Umblachery is a draught cattle breed of India, which is endangered according to the FAO reports. Considering community participation and economic importance as decision making tools for the conservation of animal genetic resources, this study was aimed at ascertaining the livelihood functions offered by this cattle and to elicit the farmers` response related to their preferred cattle traits. The study showed that farmers derived multiple livelihood functions from Umblachery and they possess appreciable traditional knowledge on animal breeding. It was intended that the result of the study might help appreciating the farmers` interests in keeping a livestock breed and incorporating their knowledge and interests while formulating policy decisions related to conservation and management of indigenous cattle population ····· 10361113527

Advance Techniques in Veterinary Entomology

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An utmost try has been made to full fill the modern requirements of the Procedures in Veterinary Entomology but still there is paucity of knowledge and literature regarding the understanding of insects anatomy, staining behavior, prevalence, feeding behaviors, location of suitable host, seasonal variations, vector role for various diseases of public health and zoonotic importance and periodicity. This manual will be helpful to the field Veterinarians, to the Graduates and Under Graduates, Veterinary Entomologists, Forensic Entomologists, to the Researchers and to the students of Veterinary Sciences. By any means, author does not claim perfectness and completeness of the manuscript. Any suggestion or recommendations for the improvement of the work will be highly obliged. Author, however, recommends the manual to be used as ready reference at teaching institutions, research institutions or at Diagnostic laboratories of Veterinary and Medical imporatnce public sector or in government sector. ····· 10361113423

Haemonchosis in Sheep and Goats-Epidemiology Diagnosis Losses and Control

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The main objective of this study was to conduct and extensive epidemiological survey of haemochosis under various environmental conditions in order to observe the kinetics of its larvae. The detection was carried out thorough ELISA and therapeutic trials were conducted using various herbal, biological homeopathic and allopathic drugs. Homeopathic drugs showed better results than other drugs. Future suggestions are described in perspective of the emerging diagnostic and therapeutic techniques. ····· 10361113393

Superovulatory response with injection of FSH-P in crossbred cows

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The study was conducted on crossbred cows under the ICAR-ETT project, Post-graduate Institute, Department of Animal Reproduction and Gynaecology Dr. PDKV, Akola.Presynchronization of oestrus was done in cows by PGF2 alpha (Lutalyse) 25 mg administered im. Artificial insemination with frozen semen of progeny tested bull (H.F. x Gir 50 per cent) was carried on at an interval of 12 h. Flushing of the donor cows for embryo recovery was carried out on day 7 after last insemination.The time required for onset of superovulatory oestrus from last PGF2 alpha ranged from 38 to 44 h. with an average of 38.66 SE 1.73 h.The length of superovulatory oestrus ranged from 16 to 36 h. with an average of 30 SE 4.76 h.The average number of corpora lutea and unovulatory follicles in the donor cows was 12 SE 5.5 and 2.75 SE 0.85 respectively. The average number of corpora lutea and unovulatory follicles on right and left ovary recorded was 6.5 SE 2.95, 5.5 SE 2.62 and 1.75 SE 0.47 1.0 SE 0.40, respectively. Total number of embryos recovered from the donor cows was 13 with an average of 3.25 SE 2.01 for each donor cow, out of which 6 embryos were with arrested growth and 7 were degenerated ones. ····· 10361113263

LIVESTOCK SERVICES IN RURAL INDIA

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The Governments in India have been extending livestock services to the rural poor at a huge subsidy through their vast veterinary institutional network built up, recognising its significance. Growing fiscal pressures had left the governments to bring down their priorities towards improving the quality of public provision of these services. Initiatives aimed at increased cost recovery, that could alleviate these financial difficulties, are often deferred on the assumption that the farmers would not be willing to pay. This book, a part of PhD thesis submitted to the Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, India, explores the cost and uptake of livestock services by farmers in southern India. Besides a rigorous analysis of the demand for livestock services and the factors influencing the demand, this book gives a thorough insight into the farmers` Willingness To Pay (WTP) for livestock services. The probability of stating a positive WTP values for respondents of zero WTP, were estimated, besides ascertaining the scope for private veterinary services. These aforementioned factors make this book very much useful to the livestock policy makers and researchers. ····· 10361102881

A DISCUSSION ON VETERINARY EPIDEMIOLOGY AND PUBLIC HEALTH

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Veterinary Epidemiology is an emerging field with its own unique demands that not only embraces the all disciplines of Veterinary Sciences but Economics, Statistics and Public Health also. Veterinary Epidemiology emerged not more than two decades ago but proved its worth and importance by gaining the place in the curriculum of all the Veterinary and Public Health institutions. It will be not exaggerating to say that the basic degree of DVM and Public Health is not complete without it. All the data collection, sampling size, Temporal and Spatial survey, disease Watch and Ward, Active and Passive Surveillances, Trans-boundary diseases ,Veterinary Economics, Analysis of Data wither by computation or by simply or complex Statistics all is dealt by Veterinary Epidemiology. More over emerging Public Health needs and effective control of Zoonoses is not possible without understanding of Veterinary Epidemiology. Now it is gaining momentum in the Governmental Policy at small spectrum or at worldwide scenario. Different institutions are welcoming the students for higher studies in the discipline of Veterinary Epidemiology. ····· 10361102604

SUPPLEMENTING FIBER-DEGRADING ENZYMES TO BROILERS

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Nutrition plays a vital role in rapid growth of broiler chicken. The feed cost of poultry production usually ranges between 65-75% of the total cost of production. Poultry diet is predominantly composed of cereals (maize, wheat, rice etc) and their byproducts (rice bran, rice polishing etc), vegetable protein (soybean meal, canola meal, rapeseed meal etc) plus animal protein (fish meal, blood meal, feather meal etc).Enzymes have been approved for use in poultry diets because they are natural fermented products and, therefore, will not create detrimental effect on the animal as well as on consumers. The use of enzymes in poultry feeds has predominantly been related to the hydrolysis of fiber or non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) fractions in cereal grains. The application of enzymes provides a lot of creative formulation with great flexibility and more effective use of vegetable protein sources and provides economic improvements in bird`s performance. It also saves costs by permitting the greater use of less expensive raw material in poultry feeds. ····· 10361102201

Prevalence of Thermophilic Campylobacter in Chitwan, Nepal

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This is the first documented report of Campylobacter in feces of broiler chickens of Nepal. This work was carried out as the research project for MVSc (Medicine) at Tribhuvan University, Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (TU/IAAS) from 2007 till 2009. The research funded by Dr B.V. Rao, World Poultry Congress 1996, Poultry Research Grants, Pune, India and Directorate of Research, TU/IAAS was supervised by Ishwari Prasad Dhakal, PhD, Associate Professor of Veterinary Medicine Mohan Prasad Gupta, MVSc, Assistant Professor of Veterinary Medicine and Hom Bahadur Basnet, PhD, Assistant Professor of Microbiology of TU/IAAS. Food borne zoonoses are on the rise globally and Campylobacter is one of them. Fecal contamination of broiler meat has been indicated to be the major culprit for this transmission. Minimizing the fecal carriage can inevitably reduce the meat contamination and thus minimize the human cases of Campylobacter induced gastroenteritis. This book works as a foundation work on Campylobacter in Nepalese context and will benefit the food microbiologists, public health veterinarians, and medical personnels as well. ····· 10361102139

Metabolizable Energy of Poultry Feed Ingredients

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Cereals and oil-seed meals available in Pakistan for poultry have greater variation in amount of energy availability to the birds. Factors responsible for this variability include quality of the ingredients, agro-climatic conditions, agronomic practices, area specifications, processing techniques, storage conditions and techniques for measuring energy availability to the birds. Age, strain, activity and level of feeding of birds also affect the metabolizable energy availability. Moreover, there is a dire need to determine the AME of the local feed ingredients to formulate rations for catering the dietary needs of today`s Chicken. The findings of our study concluded that broiler birds draw more energy from the same feed ingredient as compared to the broiler breeder. ····· 10361102119

Sheep Management Practices

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Small Ruminant Production is more important for productivity, stability and Sustenance of many farming systems at this present juncture besides increasing the income of marginal, small farmers and landless people. Expensive conventional feed ingredients and their non-availability at all times together with decline in the grazing areas are the major constraints to small ruminant production system. Keeping the objective to develop alternate feeding systems for sheep, the research was conducted on Development of feeding system for sheep under different management practices by utilizing unconventional feed resources. Azolla, acquatic plants with high biomass and protein, can replace the conventional protein to a large extent.Sheanut cake, an agro industrial by product from Shea fat industry of Africa, can efficiently utilize for feeding of livestock. The book reviews feeding studies of Azolla, Sheanut cake and performance of sheep in Semi intensive and Intensive management systems.The book is useful to Sheep Entrepreneurs, Researchers, Students and Agro based industries. ····· 10361101926

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