für 44.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray This book consists of two parts. In the first part, we investigate the superconducting proximity effect in a clean magnetic structure consisting of two ferromagnetic layered domains with antiparallel magnetizations in contact with a superconductor. Within the quasiclassical Green`s function approach we find that the penetration of the superconducting correlations into the magnetic domains can be enhanced as compared to the corresponding single domain structure. This enhancement depends on an effective exchange field which is determined by the thicknesses and exchange fields of the two domains. In the second part, we study the superconducting proximity effect in a clean nonmagnetic metal in contact with a ferromagnetic superconductor which has a nonunitary f-wave triplet order parameter. Using the quasiclassical Green`s function approach, we solve the Eilenberger equation analytically in a non-self-consistent form. The density of states is obtained in the bulk of the ferromagnetic superconductor and it is plotted versus the energy. We have compared energy-dependence of density of states with the corresponding dependences for s-wave and d-wave superconductors. ····· 10361113245
für 44.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray In this book the author explores the hypothesis that quantum effects of spacetime may manifest through the non-commutativity of the spacetime itself at short distances. The focus is on the two most studied examples of quantum-non-commutative spacetimes: canonical spacetime and k-Minkowski spacetime. In the first part of the book the author analyzes issues related to the propagation of classical waves on these quantum spacetimes. In the second part of the book the author discusses quantum field theory on canonical spacetime focusing on issues, related to the so-called IR/UV mixing, which are relevant for the phenomenology. ····· 10361113244
für 44.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray We study the standardized candle method for type II `plateau` supernovae by means of BVRI photometry and optical spectroscopy. An analytical procedure was implemented in order to model the light curves, color curves, and expansion-velocity curves. We find that their V-I colors can be use as proxies of the extinction caused by interstellar dust in their host galaxies. After the necessary corrections to photometry, we are able to recover the correlation between luminosity and expansion velocity previously reported in the literature for this supernova type. Given this and assuming the standard extinction law, our Hubble diagrams show dispersions of 0.4 magnitudes in the BVI filter bands. On the other hand, if the extinction law is entered as a free parameter, we derive final dispersions of 0.3 magnitudes, which implies that this kind of supernova delivers distances as precise as 12%. The resulting extinction law suggests a different interstellar medium in their host galaxies than that of our Galaxy. Calibrating the correlation between luminosity and expansion velocity, we obtain a Hubble constant of 70 km/s/Mpc, in good agreement with modern measurements. ····· 10361113206
für 44.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray This book is concerns the study of fragmentation dynamics of molecular ions created by high energy electron impact on neutral molecules. We pay particular attention to the rare process of associative fragmentation, i.e. the formation of a bond between atoms that are separated in the neutral molecule, but get associated during the evolution of the neutral molecule into an unstable molecular ion. Various aspects of associative reactions in fragmentation dynamics of polyatomic molecular ion is discussed in details. Some theoretical model and computational work for explaining the Coulomb effect on the trajectory of ionic fragments had been described in details. ····· 10361113177
für 71.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray In this book, the design of InGaN LDs structures including multi quantum wells (MQWs) active region device are described and investigated by integrated system engineering technology computer aided design (ISE TCAD) device simulator. The parameters of the LDs structures are varied and optimized for high performance. This optimization study involves aspects such as thickness of active region, doping, thickness of stopper layer region, thickness of quantum wells and quantum barriers, number of quantum wells and several approaches to improve and achieve high efficiency, low threshold current and high output power of InGaN LDs. The basic LDs structures treated here are Fabry Perot type InGaN double heterostructure (DH), separate confinement heterostructure (SCH) and multi quantum wells (MQWs).High performance LD has been obtained by using multi quantum wells incorporated with the optimized parameters. The lowest threshold current, higher external quantum efficiency and characteristic temperature are obtained when the number of InGaN well layers is two, at our laser emission wavelength of 415 nm, which is related to the problem of inhomogeneous carrier. ····· 10361113032
für 53.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray Relaxor materials are of great interest for device applications understanding of ferroelectric systems. In complex perovskites (AA`)(BB`)O3, the relaxor ferroelectric materials exhibit a large range of interesting properties because of complex order/disorder structures. Most relaxor ferroelectrics belong to family of complex lead- based perovskite oxides. These materials have a disadvantage due to toxicity and volatility of polluting substances. Among the lead free compositions with perovskite structure Barium Zirconium Titanate is chosen to be one of the promising material. The aim of the present work is to trigger the coexistence between order and disorder by adding another degree of freedom on the A site of Barium Zirconium Titanate which is achieved by heterovalent substitutions in the A site (Ba+2 cations) with trivalent ion in Ba(Ti0.75Zr0.25)O3. These compositions are then investigated to observe the influence on the structural, microstructural, electrical and optical study by several experimental techniques such as XRD, SEM, EDX, Dielectric & Impedance spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, UV-vis absorption spectroscopy and Photoluminescence. ····· 10361112977
für 53.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray One of the most appealing challenges in modern cosmology is the understanding of the physical model describing our Universe. In the last decades, observational evidences have suggested that the Universe is undergoing a phase of accelerated expansion, which could be driven by a non-ordinary, unknown component called Dark Energy. The cosmic structures we observe today still preserve the imprint of the underlying cosmological model, so that the study of their formation and evolution provides a promising way to constrain the real nature of Dark Energy. This book, therefore, focuses on modeling the growth of early structures with the spherical collapse theory in cosmologies with different dark energies, and provides estimates of the effects on the observable properties of galaxy clusters, the largest and latest objects to form. This analysis offers helpful insights on the biases introduced in observations of common quantities describing clusters of galaxies because of wrong assumptions on the underlying cosmology. This work is particularly suitable for professional astrophysicists dealing with clusters of galaxies. ····· 10361112963
····· lezzter Preis 49.00€ ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray It is well known to the scientific community that the famous Russian mathematician`s Non Euclidean geometry findings were not accepted by experts for 45 long years.Fractals was denied publication by editors and referees of professional research journals for 30 years. Bose`s new statistical concept, Princess Louis De Broglie`s matter waves idea and Pauli`s exclusive principle of quantum mechanics were not accepted when they were proposed. Only Einstein approved freely frankly and fearlessly immediately after reading these famous ground breaking inventions. The author of this book , ON GRAVITON BOMBS is very well aware that the whole research world will be too reluctant to agree with this project.But the author is confident very confident in fact too confident that the making of graviton bombs will become a reality in the nearest future.In the late nineteenth century , mathematicians made it clear that to prove the Euclidean parallel postulate as a special theorem from the first four Euclidean postulates is NOT possible.But the author attacked this famous and problematic impossibility and found several consistent proofs.The same mathematical phenomena will happen in physics. ····· 10361112945
für 45.80€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray Das Hauptaugenmerk dieser Arbeit richtet sich auf die Realisierung und Charakterisierung hocheffizienter, kompakter Praseodymlaser mit Emission im grünen Spektralbereich auf Basis fluoridischer Wirtskristalle. Für Pr 3+ -dotierte Materialien ergibt sich mit der direkten Erzeugung sichtbarer Laserstrahlung unter Anregung durch InGaN-Laserdioden bei einer Wellenlänge von 444 nm ein großes Potential zur Realisierung eines kompakten Lasers. Die Untersuchungen konzentrieren sich dabei auf Pr 3+:LiYF4 (Pr:YLF) als aussichtsreiches Lasermaterial für diese Anwendung. Weitere Schwerpunkte liegen in der vergleichenden spektroskopischen und Lasercharakterisierung der Materialien Pr 3+:BaY2F8 (Pr:BYF) und Pr 3+:LiY0,5Lu0,5F4 (Pr:YLLF), sowie der Analyse grundlegender Charakteristika des Pr:YLF-Lasersystems. Mit einem Pr(0,5at.%):YLF-Kristall konnte in einem einfachen, linearen, diodengepumpten Aufbau effiziente Lasertätigkeit mit Emission bei einer Wellenlänge von =522,5nm realisiert werden. Die maximale Ausgangsleistung von 358 mW, der differentielle Wirkungsgrad von 59% und die elektro-optische Systemeffizienz von 7,4% waren die höchsten bis dato dokumentierten Werte für einen einfach diodengepumpten grün emittierenden Pr-Laser. In einem ähnlichen Aufbau wurden durch Anregung eines Pr(2at.%):YLF-Kristalls mit einer gepulst betriebenen InGaN-Laserdiode im gewinngeschalteten Regime Laserpulse mit minimalen Längen von 128 ns im grünen Spektralbereich erzeugt. Mit einer vereinfachten Pumpoptik wurden in einer besonders kompakten, linearen Anordnung Experimente zur resonatorinternen Frequenzverdopplung eines rot emittierenden Pr:YLF- Lasers durchgeführt. Dabei wurde bei einer Wellenlänge von 319,8 nm im Dauerstrichbetrieb eine maximale Ausgangsleistung der kohärenten UV-Emission von 50 mW erreicht. In Durchstimmexperimenten mit Pr:YLF wurde Lasertätigkeit auch bei verstärkungsschwachen Emissionslinien gezeigt. Kontinuierlich durchstimmbar war der Laser allerdings nur über schmale Spektralbereiche von ein bis zwei Nanometern Breite. Die Czochralski-Kristallzüchtung von Pr:YLLF stellt die erste Realisierung eines Pr-dotierten LiY1-xLuxF4 Mischsytems dar. Die spektroskopischen und Lasereigenschaften dieses Materials sind zu denjenigen von Pr:YLF vergleichbar, womit die Eignung als Lasermaterial auch hinsichtlich der schon realisierten Kristallqualität als vielversprechend eingeschätzt wird. Mit Pr:BYF konnte erstmalig Lasertätigkeit mit Emission bei den Wellenlängen 524,1 und 552,7 nm im grünen Spektralbereich und eine Optimierung der Lasereigenschaften für den rot emittierenden Laser gegenüber früher dokumentierten Resultaten erreicht werden. Die spektroskopischen Untersuchungen konzentrierten sich neben der Charakterisierung der Materialien im Hinblick auf ihre Eignung als aktives Lasermedium auf die Übergangslinie bei 604 nm von Pr:YLF. Bei Tieftemperaturuntersuchungen wurden für diese Linie eine effektive Entkopplung von phononischen Einflüssen und ein sehr großer Emissionswirkungsquerschnitt ermittelt. Dies führte auch zu deutlich veränderten Lasercharakteristika bei Experimenten im selben Temperaturbereich. Insgesamt zeigen die Resultate, dass hocheffiziente, kompakte, grün emittierende Laser auf der Basis von Pr:YLF realisiert werden können. Weiterhin wurde deutlich, dass Pr-Laser auch für Anwendungen interessant sind, in denen die Verfügbarkeit bestimmter Laserwellenlängen im sichtbaren und UV-Bereich oder besonders kompakte Systeme im Vordergrund stehen. ····· 10361107651
für 49.80€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray Time-resolved investigations of condensed matter on an atomic scale level are nowadays indispensable to gain insights in the complex mechanisms of dynamic processes in physics and chemistry. Most of these processes take place at the surface of a metal, such as for example layer growth and corrosion phenomena or all catalytic applications. X-ray absorption spectroscopy is one of the most important investigation tools in this context. It allows resolving the local structure around a selected kind of element in the probed sample within the range of a few Angstroms by using the intense X-ray beams generated at modern synchrotron radiation sources. It is thus perfectly adapted to investigate systems with only a short range order as for example very thin layers or nanoparticles which are especially important for catalytic applications. Prerequisite for X-ray absorption spectroscopy are monochromators with perfect crystals that reflect only a certain energy determined by the incident angle. Time-resolutions of down to a few milliseconds for one spectrum are achievable with quick-scanning X-ray absorption spectroscopy (QEXAFS) using mechanics to rapidly oscillate the monochromator crystals. New technical approaches for the QEXAFS method are presented in this work as for example an angular encoder system to accurately measure the monochromator crystal angle and thus to obtain most accurate energy values for the measured spectra. The design of flexible driving mechanics is introduced and tested. The new mechanics allow arbitrarily adjusting the energy range of the spectra within few seconds leading to a more efficient application of QEXAFS and also new possible experiments. Moreover, a new fast and reliable data acquisition system is presented as well as new user-friendly data analysis software named T-REX to handle the thousands of spectra that are typically collected during each measurement. Several applications in the field of catalysis are presented where new insights in dynamic processes could be obtained using quick-scanning X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The Pd-catalyzed Heck reaction was studied as well as stable oscillations during the catalytic partial oxidation of methane on Pd/Al2O3 catalysts, the oxidation and reduction behaviour of Cu/Al2O3 catalysts at various temperatures and structural oscillations during the extinction of CO oxidation on a Pt/Al2O3 catalyst. Thereby, new data analysis approaches were introduced, as for example a median filter to analyze distorted data resulting from unstable sample conditions and modulation spectroscopy to improve signal-to-noise ratios for processes that can be reproducibly excited by tuning the experimental parameters. As an example for chemical decomposition processes it is reported on QEXAFS studies of the dehydration and decomposition of cobalt oxalates in reducing, oxidizing and inert atmosphere. Finally, data measured in-situ in reflection mode with sub-second timeresolution during the deposition of copper on glass via DC magnetron sputtering are shown yielding new insights in the initial stages of the layer growth processes under realistic deposition conditions. Subsequent oxidation of the fresh Cu layers at various substrate temperatures was also investigated and the obtained results demonstrate the high potential of using QEXAFS to gain new insights into fundamental processes in surface science. ····· 10361107521
für 48.80€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray Die Dopplersonographie ermöglichte bislang nur die Messung von Blutflussgeschwindigkeiten. Hierbei wurde entweder das Geschwindigkeitsspektrum nach einer Fast Fouriertransformation (FFT) als fortlaufende xy-Grafikhelligkeitskodiert auf dem Bildschirm des Ultraschallgerätes dargestellt oder beim farbkodierten Dopplerultraschall (FKDS) als Farbbild dem B-Bild überlagert. Beide Methoden ließen bestenfalls nur einen semiquantitativen Rückschluss auf den tatsächlichen Blutfluss zu. Offen ist bislang jedoch die Frage, ob durch eine spezielle Analyse des Dopplersignals eine Aussage über den Blutfluss gewonnen werden kann. Somit bekäme der Untersucher nichtinvasiv quantitative Informationen über die Durchblutung des Gewebes im Gegensatz zu den geräteeigenen semiquantitativen Parametern. Im Blut reflektieren hauptsächlich die Erythrozyten das Ultraschallsignal. In diesem Buch wird der Fragestellung nachgegangen, in wieweit die gemessene Gesamtintensität vom Blutfluss als auch vom Hämatokrit abhängig ist und ob durch die Kenntnis dieser Korrelationen es auch umgekehrt möglich ist, von der gemessenen Gesamtintensität bei bekanntem Hämatokrit auf den Bruttofluss zu schließen. Auch der Einfluss von unterschiedlichen Flussprofilen auf die Messungen wird dargestellt. ····· 10361107450
für 48.80€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray This thesis presents a detailed and successful study of molecular self-assembly on the calcite CaCO3(1014) surface. One reason for the superior applicability of this particular surface is given by reflecting the well-known growth modes. Layer-by-layer growth, which is a necessity for the formation of templated 2D molecular structures, is particularly favoured on substrates with a high surface energy. The CaCO3(1014) surface is among those substrates and, thus, most promising. All experiments in this thesis were performed using the NC-AFM technique under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. The acquisition of drift-free data became in this thesis possible owing to the herein newly developed atom-tracking system. This system features a lateral tippositioning precision of at least 50 pm. Furthermore, a newly developed scan protocol was implemented in this system, which allows for the acquisition of dense 3D data under roomtemperature conditions. An entire 3D data set from a CaCO3(1014) surface consisting of 85 × 85 × 500 pixel is discussed. The row-pairing and (2 × 1) reconstructions of the CaCO3(1014) surface constitute most interesting research subjects. For both reconstructions, the NC-AFM imaging was classified to a total of 12 contrast modes. Eight of these modes were observed within this thesis, some of them for the first time. Together with literature findings, a total of 10 modes has been observed experimentally to this day. Some contrast modes presented themselves as highly distancedependent and at least for one contrast mode, a severe tip-termination influence was found. Most interestingly, the row-pairing reconstruction was found to break a symmetry element of the CaCO3(1014) surface. With the presence of this reconstruction, the calcite (1014) surface becomes chiral. From high-resolution NC-AFM data, the identification of the enantiomers is here possible and is presented for one enantiomer in this thesis. Five studies of self-assembled molecular structures on calcite CaCO3(1014) surfaces are presented. Only for one system, namely HBC/CaCO3(1014), the formation of a bulk structure was observed. This well-known occurence of weak molecule-insulator interaction hinders the investigation of two-dimensional molecular self-assembly. It was, however, possible to force the formation of an island phase for this system upon following a variable-temperature preparation. For the C60/CaCO3(1014) system it is most notably that no branched island morphologies were found. Instead, the first C60 layer appeared to wet the calcite surface. ····· 10361107341
für 30.80€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray Die Analyse der Felder aus der Elektrodynamik und der Quantenmechanik mit der Quantisierung von Energie und Impuls mithilfe des Planckschen Wirkungsquantums lassen sich über die Quantenelektrodynamik vereinheitlichen. Aus den zahlreichen Beispielen der Gravitationstheorie Abert Einsteins und den experimetellen Ergebnissen wissen wir von der Lichtablenkung im Gravitationsfeld sowie von der Rotverschiebung des Lichts im Gravitationsfeld der Erde. Darüber hinaus ist die Gravitation mit veränderlicher Masse eine zwingende Folge der durch Hulse und Taylor nachgewiesenen Abstrahlung von Gravitationswellen und damit auch von massenäquivalenter Energie. Diese Tatsachen zwingen ein energieerhaltendes Gravitationsgesetz zu formulieren. Newtons Massenträgheitsgesetz verknüpft mit Albert Einsteins speziell relativistischer Trägheit der Energie E=mc2, die Einfiihrung des allgemein relativistischen Äquivalenzprinzips mitsamt des Gravitationsfeldes legen bereits Nahe, daß sich das Gravitationspotential als eine Eigenschaft der `fallenden` Masse erweist und nicht des leeren Raumes. Die Ätiologie des Gravitationspotentials kann somit nur im Wesen der Masse bzw. der Materie verborgen liegen. Nehmen wir die bekannten Interaktionen zwischen Licht und Materie, zwischen dem Gravitationsfeld und den elektromagnetischen Feldern des Lichts als kausal begründbar an, müssen wir eine Interaktion zwischen den Feldern der Quantenelektrodynamik und den Feldern der Gravitation zumindest vermuten. Schließlich agiert die Gravitation auch mit Lichtgeschwindigkeit. Die Entität der Gravitationsfelder ist wenig erforscht und trotz intensivster Bemühungen immer noch rätselhafter Natur. Die komplexe allgemein relativistische Darstellung der Gravitation Albert Einsteins ist eine `geniale` raumgeometrische DasteIlung der Verhältnisse im Gravitationsfeld unter Beachtung seiner zuvor formulierten relativistischen Effekte. Dennoch bleibt die wahre Quelle und das Wesen der Gravitation schleierhaft. Dieses Geheimnis war zum damaligen Zeitpunkt nicht lösbar, da die Quantenelektrodynamik noch nicht gänzlich vervollständigt war. Ich habe in dieser Arbeit bewußt überflüssigen mathematischen Formalismus vermieden, um ganz elementar die Zusammenhänge der `Quantenfelder` und der Gravitationsfelder zu erläutern. Die logische Annahme, daß die Gravitation aus dem Inneren der Materie und demzufolge in der Quantenmechanik seinen Ursprung besitzt ist naheliegend, begründbar und sogar mit der Quantenelektrodynamik vereinbar, wie einst die Ähnlichkeit der elektromagnetischen Wellen und des Lichts zur Beschreibung der gemeinsamen Wesenseinheit fiihrte. Die Interaktion `elementarer elektromagnetischer Quantenfelder`, erzeugt z.B. durch Elementarladungen im Nahfeld mit der Möglichkeit der `Fernwirkung` wie vom Elektromagnetismus bekannt, kann die `Wirkung` der Gravitation quantitativ äußert genau beschreiben, ohne neue Hypothesen und Dimensionen festlegen zu müssen. Der Welle-Teilchen-Dualismus des Elektrons gibt dabei Aufschlüsse über die die Entität dieser `quantisierbaren Wellenfelder`, über die möglicherweise Elementarteilchen im Inneren miteinander interagieren und ihnen womöglich auch die Masse verleiht (E=mc2 1 C`=llEolo. Die Ladung gibt dabei das Ergebnis der Anordnung dieser ,Elementarfelder` an. Aufgrund der der äußerst starken Nahwirkung dieser Felder kommt möglicherweise die uns bekannte Kernkraft zustande, während die Fernwirkung als `Gravitation` makroskopisch beobachtet werden kann. Die elektromagnetische Wechselwirkung zwischen Wellen und Teilchen der QED und Elementarteilchenphysik ist die Errungenschaft langjähriger Forschung und vermag das Wesen dieser `partikulären Wellen` außerordentlich präzise zu beschreiben. Ein `Fernwirkungsgesetz` fehlt aus mir sehr wohl in der Literatur beschriebenen Gründen, die es noch zu erörtern gilt. Die quantitative präzise Beschreibung der Gravitation mithilfe der Quantenelektrodynamik verdient Beachtung und darf nicht ignoriert werden, bis das wahre Wesen der Gravitation meßtechnisch eruierbar ist. ····· 10361107251
für 71.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray String theory is the most promising candidate for the theory unifying all interactions including gravity. Since it has an extremely difficult dynamics, many important insights have come from the study of its low-dimensional versions. A particularly interesting case is 2D string theory, which has a very rich structure, but at the same time is solvable. Its complete solution in the simplest linear dilaton background was obtained using its representation as Matrix Quantum Mechanics, which provides a very powerful technique and reveals the integrability hidden in the usual CFT formulation. This book presents a review of these results and extends them to non-trivial backgrounds of 2D string theory. It shows how MQM incorporates the perturbations changing the background, their integrability, and various results on correlation functions, thermodynamic behavior, structure of the target space and non-perturbative effects in the deformed background. The book is recommended for students and researchers working in theoretical and mathematical physics. ····· 10361103098
für 33.21€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray V nastoyashchey monografii naydena edinaya formula diskretnogo stroeniya Solnechnoy sistemy i vnesolnechnykh sistem. Nayden fizicheskiy smysl pravila Titiusa-Bode. Privodyatsya dovody i fakty, otritsayushchie vozmozhnost` vozniknoveniya planet Zemnoy gruppy mezhdu Solntsem i Yupiterom. Obosnovana gipoteza ob ikh zarozhdenii v poyase Koypera. Obosnovana gipoteza o portsionnom raskhodovanii vodoroda v yadre Solntsa i periodicheskom vzryvnom kharaktere protsessov na Solntse. Eto vedet k periodicheskim izmeneniyam davleniya,temperatury. svetimosti i ego energeticheskogo urovnya, izmeneniyu klimaticheskikh, geologicheskikh i prochikh usloviy na planetakh. Rassmotreno proshloe i prognoziruetsya budushchee Zemli. Razrabotana teoriya kvantovo-sloistogo stroeniya nebesnykh tel.Dokazyvaetsya, chto prichinoy vysokoy ustoychivosti Solnechnoy sistemy i ee otdel`nykh tel yavlyaetsya ikh diskretnoe stroenie, i neukosnitel`noe vypolnenie pravil kvantovaniya. ····· 10361103053
für 61.20€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray Moving backwards in time, the first observable of the Universe is the Cosmic Microwave Background, signature of the recombination process occurred at z~1100. Limited by the sensitivity of current telescopes, we are now able to detect objects up to z~8. Nowadays, we are thus dealing with a lack of observational data in the range 8z1100, cosmic epochs called Dark Ages . After the recombination process, the Universe is almost completely homogeneous and neutral. Gravitational instability allows tiny fluctuations in the primordial density field to grow in the pre- existing dark matter halo potential wells, and eventually to form the first bound objects. It is only at z 20-30 that the gas is finally able to cool and form the first stars. The photons from the first luminous sources ionized the surrounding neutral medium. Once individual ionized regions started overlapping the global ionization and thermal state of the intergalactic medium changed drastically. The process which marks the transition from an almost completely homogeneous and neutral Universe to the highly structured and ionized one that we presently observe is called cosmic reionization . ····· 10361103049
für 61.20€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray High permittivity dielectrics are studied intensively in the view of their use in the integrated circuits. However, the real emergence of tantalum oxide (Ta2O5) as a dielectric material happened due to its high-dielectric constant, chemical and thermal stability with the promise of compatibility in microelectronic processing. This book covenants with the optimized deposition conditions of Ta2O5 films formed on quartz and p-type Si substrates using dc and rf reactive magnetron sputtering method for structural and optical studies. Further, aluminum metal deposited as a top electrode on Ta2O5 and Si stack to prepare metal oxide semiconductor device for investigating electrical and dielectric properties. The possible ways for depositing good quality Ta2O5 layers on Si, to obtain high dielectric constant explained in this book are quite useful to prepare high quality metal oxide semiconductor device for capacitor applications. ····· 10361103042
für 61.20€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray New study of induced activity in a medical linear accelerator room include Mathematical model to calculate the induced dose rate. Both of experimental method and mathematical model present a good agreement. The experimental method was performed using filter papers and portable spectroscopy.The filter paper method was first time used for the purpose of this measurement. Typical radionuclides produced in the treatment room were identified and all results available within this study. ····· 10361103033
für 71.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray Spitzer space telescope spectroscopy reveal a new class of galaxies with enhanced molecular hydrogen (H2) line emission, but where star formation is strongly suppressed. This is in sharp contrast with what is observed in standard star forming galaxies. These sources are all in active phases of galaxy evolution (galaxy interactions, AGN feedback, gas accretion in galaxy clusters, etc.). Why is H2 present in violent phases of galaxy evolution How is the H2 emission powered Why is the H2 gas inefficient at forming stars What can we learn from these ``H2 galaxies`` about galaxy formation This thesis addresses these questions, and discuss the theoretical and observational perspectives of this work (in particular Herschel and JWST). ····· 10361103025
für 44.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray In this book a scanning near-field optical microscope (SNOM) based on an apertureless scattering technique is introduced for resolving optical properties of surfaces with lateral resolution reaching 10 nm and better. The construction of the instrument is based on a dynamic mode atomic force microscope (AFM) which is coupled with a sophisticated heterodyne interferometric optical detection system. A laser beam is focused onto the apex of the metallic or dielectric AFM tip. The backscattered light is collected and interfered with a reference beam which is slightly shifted in frequency with respect to the scattered beam. By demodulating the beat signal at higher harmonics of the tip vibration, the far field can be suppressed effectively, leaving only the near-field information of the surface-tip interaction. The amplitude and phase of the near-field belonging to the surface is obtained simultaneously with topography. The apertureless SNOM (a-SNOM) features several advantages over the well-known aperture SNOM: strong background suppression, high sensitivity to material contrast and a resolution limited essentially only by the tip apex size. ····· 10361103019
für 61.20€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray Modern physicists are seriously trying to couple quantum mechanics and general theory of relativity. Even some scientists are trying to formulate a quantum theory of gravity. The subject of black hole physics is still under development. Accelerating model is putting all the scientists in a dilemma. Large number hypothesis or string theory or SUSY or quantum gravity or SM no model is throwing light on the secrets of fermi scale` atomic and gravitational unification. Now a days particle physicists are trying their level best in estimating the strong coupling constant`. QCD is a highly complicated model. Scientists are spending million dollars on particle accelerators, super novae observations and dark energy probing projects. In this critical, highly sensitive and most expensive situation authors made a simple (theoretical) attempt to understand the secrets of cosmology, grand unification and Avogadro number. Even though the proposed atomic gravitational constant` is having a large value it is naturally coupling the observed atomic, nuclear and particle physics constants accurately. Authors humbly request the whole science community to kindly look into this new approach. ····· 10361103018
für 71.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray The book is a study of physical and electrical behaviour of fabricated p-type WSe2 based Schottky diodes coated with different metals and of different thickness.The book opens with a brief narration on the importance of Schottky barrier diodes alongwith a discussion on transitional metal dichalcogenides with specific emphasis to WSe2. The theoretical aspects of Schottky barriers, the growth technique of WSe2 crystals, its structural and compositional characterizations, determination of type and carrier concentrations, method of fabrication of Schottky diodes etc are provided for background information.The detailed analysis of the electrical characterization of these WSe2 diodes is the main theme of the book. The book winds up wth the summary of the results obtained,the conclusions arrived at and a concise discussion on the prospective work. ····· 10361102979
für 53.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray One-dimensional nanostructures are of great interest because of their potential application in many areas, such as high-density perpendicular magnetic recording media and nanosensors. The synthesis and precise control of such a magnetic nanostructure on a large scale is a challenging issue in material science. One strategy is to electrode posit magnetic nanowires into nanochannels of porous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates. In this work we focused on Fe-nanowire arrays with diameters of about 30 nm, using the shape anisotropy and the crystalline anisotropy. In the present paper, we report a unique dynamically controlled growth method to prepare Fe nanowire with preferred (110) orientation along the wire. The effects of pH, symmetry/asymmetry electrodeposition voltage and frequency on magnetic properties of nenowires were investigated. Computing the samples magnetization proved that by increasing the non symmetric voltage, magnetization of nanowires increased. On the other hand, the values of coercive field and squareness of samples showed that 1000 Hz is the optimum system frequency which reveals special properties of Fe nanowires discussed in this book. ····· 10361102884
für 44.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray From the popular science media, we learn that Einstein spent the last 30 years of his life on a fruitless search for a theory that would bring all the forces of nature into one giant theoretical scheme. In this mini-monograph, which is an effort to try and achieve Einstein`s seemingly elusive dream, we improve on Weyl`s brilliant but failed geometry. We bring all the forces of nature into a unified theoretical scheme. Our scheme not only brings all forces together, but also quantum physics and gravitation under one unified theoretical framework. What is unique about the theoretical scheme that we have discovered, is that, all the forces of nature together with gravity and quantum mechanics, are all unified on a four dimensional continuum of spacetime. ····· 10361102824· 1 · ::::: · 9 ·· 10 ·· 11 ·· 12 ·· 13 ·· 14 ·· 15 · ::::: · 27 ·
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