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Sundarban Delta: Perspective for the Long Term Future

für 71.10€ kaufen ···· Rheinberg-Buch.de - Bücher, eBooks, DVD & Blu-ray
The Indian Sundarbans at the apex of Bay of Bengal is basically a deltaic complex and a diversified coastal wetland, harbors a luxuriant biodiversity and acts as a potential refuge of living marine resources. Sundarban has been in the limelight ever since the global community became concerned about the need for Biodiversity conservation, global warming and climate change. This book is intended to covers a wide range of topics, from the environmental point of view, through the various pieces of the social and management systems, to an examination of a set of key themes that dominate climate change and human livelihood, fisheries diversity and fisherfolk, biodiversity conservation, community based co-management and at last future of sundarban as well as legal framework. Of late, there is a global concern regarding the threat posed to Sundarban due to global warming and projected sea level rise. Survey into ecologically as well as economically resourceful area of Sundarbans should be finally concluded with conservative use of aquatic resources as the best way to achieve environmental sustainability in Sundarbans. ····· 10361833

Legumes

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Water stress influences the performance of legume crops. Soybean, mungbean and Bambara groundnut plants in the control plots produced the highest 34.3, 3.7 and 50.0,mean number of nodules, respectively at flowering stage and these were significantly different at p0.05 from the mean number of nodules obtained in the legume plants that received measured water treatments. Also the percentage nitrogen fixed by each of the legume crops in the control plots, 11.4%, 21.7% and 33.5% for soybean, mungbean and Bambara groundnut, respectively, were significantly different at 5% level of probability from the legume plants treated with 500ml of water once daily. It was observed that, inspite of the water stress condition faced by the three legume crops, Bambara groundnut fixed the highest nitrogen, 33.5% in the control plots, and 17.7% in the 500ml of water one in 4 days plots, than in the corresponding treatments for soybean and mungbean. It was therefore, concluded that water stress conditions affect nodulation of nitrogen fixation in the selected legume crops. Bambara groundnut can be used as nitrogen fixing legume crop in soils with low nitrogen level, where water is a limiting factor. ····· 10361807

Molecular and Biochemical characterization of Karanja (Derris indica)

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Genetic diversity of Karanja accessions were evaluated with Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR) markers. In present study low level of genetic diversity was observed among the karanj genotypes. Average RPI, PIC and MI value for RAPD primers were 2.09, 0.25 and 18.06 respectively while for ISSR marker it was 0.66, 0.08 and 4.48 respectively. Genetic diversity analysis by Isozyme marker viz., POX (peroxidase), PPO (polyphenol oxidase ), EST (esterase) and SOD(superoxide dismutase) scores total 19 isozyme loci in 30 accessions of Karanja. Highest loci was scored by PPO (6 loci) followed by POX (5 loci) while 4 loci scored by SOD and EST. Highest polymorphism and highest number of polymorphic loci was shown by PPO isozyme (83.33%) while lowest polymorphism and lowest number of polymorphic loci was shown by SOD isozyme (50 %). In morphological characterization, in terms of height, tallest tree and average longest branch was recorded by NAUK-15 and NAUK-16 respectively. Average highest number of branches and largest leaflet width was recorded by NAUK-9 while longest leaflet length recorded by NAUK-1. ····· 10361784

Integrated Nutrient Management for Strawberry Cultivation

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Strawberry cultivation becomes popular in the late 60 s of twentieth century in India, and emerged as a remunerative fruit crop, capable of giving quickest return in the shortest possible time. By the virtue of wide edapho-climatic adaptability and high monetary return, strawberry cultivation is being adopted in different parts of the world especially by the small and marginal farmers. Optimum nutrient supply through balanced integration of organic, inorganic and biological sources is of great relevance in commercial cultivation of strawberry and one of the most important factor governing quality attributes of fruit like size, TSS, sugars, acidity, anthocyanin pigmentation etc. Strawberry fruits are highly perishable and mainly used for the table purposes hence quality attributes of fruits plays important role in marketing of produce. The present investigations on strawberry cv. Chandler were carried out to standardize integrated nutrient supply through combination of organic, inorganic and biological sources, with objective to obtain higher productivity and excellent quality of strawberry fruits. ····· 10361740

Effect of feed restriction on chick performance

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Feed restriction of broiler chicks is one of many strategies used to reduce the metabolic problems associated with the accelerated rapid growth rate of broiler chicks. There are several methods of feed restriction but some of them are inconsistent with broilers welfare terms, and some other methods are inapplicable in the production field. Also, duration of feed restriction is one of several factors which affected on the response of broilers. This study aimed to evaluate different feed restriction methods(low protein diet, maintenance diet or low sodium diet). Duration of feed restriction (3, 6 or 9 d.) and sex of birds were also studied. The results showed that applying feed restriction using LPD for 3 days improved the overall performance of males. While using MD or applying feed restriction for 6 days was more severe. Using low sodium diet for 3 days improved performance of males while increasing the period of restriction to 6 or 9 days reduced the final body weight. The females fed low sodium diet did not compensate their body weight as the control. Applying feed restriction for 6 or 9 days improved the overall feed conversion ratio of female chicks. ····· 10361739

Ecological and Biological Studies on Certain Aphid Parasitiods

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Three aphid parasitoids were emerged from the mummies Aphis craccivora namely: Lysiphlebus fabarum, Diaeretialla rapae and Ephedrus sp. Diaeretialla rapae as a parasitoid on A. craccivora is the first record in Egypt. One parasitoid emerged from Brevicoryne brassica, while there were two aphid parasitoids emerged from S. avenae namely: Aphidius sp. and D. rapae. Also two aphid parasitoids were emerged from mummies R. maidis and R. padi namely: D. rapae and Praon sp .This study is considered the first in Egypt which studied the effect of certain weather factors on the population density of the five aphid parasitoids under field conditions. The obtained results evaluated the role of the parasitoid D. rapae in controlling A. craccivora under field conditions. It could concluded that when this aphid parasitoid used as biological control agents against A. craccivora should be used with low host density that mean in the beginning of aphid infestations. ····· 10361734

Agribusiness and Kisan Club

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Agriculture is the main backbone of Indian economy, and so farmers social and economic upliftment is the main issue. The main objectives of study were: to study the socio economic impact of Farmers club on the community, to study the roles and responsibilities of Farmers club, to gauge the perception of people towards Farmers club, to study factors affecting decision of farmers joining Farmers club. ····· 10361720

Women in Agricultural Production in Adamawa State of Nigeria

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It is estimated that women produce more than 50% of food production world wide. In Nigeria however, the estimate is that women produce about 80% of food production. There has been an increase in female-headed households along with female-headed farms due to a variety of factors. Wives are left with the responsibility of farm management, family care and household maintenance. Women`s performance in agriculture is however poor as a result of unequal privileges and opportunities availed them in contrast to their male counterparts. Theses privileges and opportunities are in the areas of credit facilities, access to land, access to education, labour saving technology and extension services. Others are neglect and absence of support from their spouses and families. Data generated from questionnaires were analyzed using frequency, percentage and regression analysis. It was discovered that age of respondents, farming experience, costs of fertilizer and herbicide were statistically significant at 1% level with respect to the farmers` output values. Access to credit and labour were major problems limiting the agricultural productivity of 77.5% and 70% of the farmers respectively. ····· 10361717

Tinjure-Milke-Jaljale Rhododendron Conservation area

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Tinjure-Milke-Jaljale Rhododendron Conservation area recognized as the capital of Rhododendron in Nepal boasts of more than twenty eight species from thirty two species recorded from Nepal.It was declared as a conservation area under EPA and EPR Act in 1997.It is mountainous area with rugged geographical terrain and characterized by high dependency on natural resources due to the presence of human settlement in the middle of dense rhododendron forest area leading to consumption of the natural resources that leads to the deforestation and environmental degradation.The book enlightens on the direct contribution from the conservation area in the poverty reduction (livelihood improvement) of the community`s from poverty line ($1.25/person/day) as well as national standard (12,000/person/annum)It has also investigated the direct contribution from conservation area towards reducing the poverty of the area in terms of food, fodder and fuel as direct benefit. This book is especially useful for professionals from the sector of Natural Resource Management, Forestry, Environment and Development fields as well as to those who wishes to understand the role of forest in poverty reduction. ····· 10361689

Soil Amendments That Augment Sweet Potato Production

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The possibility of enhancing soil productivity through the wise use of alternative and waste materials for soil remediation cannot be ignored any more, since a large amount of disposable bio and industrial wastes are available for reuse. Some such materials like fly ash, rice husk ash and paper factory sludge, if used as soil conditioners or amendments, may prove to be advantageous from both agricultural and environmental points of view. In the present study, such waste materials were subjected to amending an acid lateritic soil where Sweet potato was cultivated as the experimental crop. Sweet potato is the world`s seventh most important food crop which has the capability to produce the highest amount of calories per unit area and time. The study was conducted to identify the proper time of planting, irrigation requirement, soil amending and enriching characteristics of the industrial wastes and their influence on the growth, development, yield and quality of sweet potato. ····· 10361649

Toxicity of some insecticides against armyworm Spodoptera litura

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Cotton provides food, feed, fiber and fuel. It sustains millions of people for their livelihood at farms,ginning factories, textile mills,edible oil and soap industries etc.It suffers heavy yield losses due to insect s pests,disease, and weeds. Insecticides are commonly applied for the population suppression of S. litura (Fab) on different vegetables and nursery crops.S. litura is the first lepidopteran pest to develop resistance in India. It has developed resistance against organosphosphates, and synthetic pyrethroids insecticides.Armyworm, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is one of the major insect pests of cotton crops. It is a polyphagous insect. It caused 26-100% yield loss. It is variously known as Indian leaf worm, cluster or tobacco catterpillar and common or tobacco cutworm. ····· 10361581

Genetic Analysis in Soybean

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A field experiment was carried out at Navsari Agriculture University, Gujarat (India) for the estimation of Genetic Variability, Heritability, Genetic Advance, Correlation, Path Analysis and Genetic Divergence in 36 soybean genotypes obtained from different eco-geographical regions of India. The highest genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variances were observed for plant height followed by seed yield per plant and pods per plant and it was lowest for days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, protein content and pod length. High heritability and genetic advance were observed for plant height, seed yield per plant and pods per plant. Seed yield per plant was positively and significantly correlated with plant height, pods per plant, days to 50 per cent flowering and days to maturity. Pod per plant recorded highest positive direct effect on seed yield per plant followed plant height. However, there was a substantial genetic diversity between the genotypes with D2 values ranging from 33.64 to 379.08. Thirty six genotypes were grouped into six clusters. The clustering pattern revealed that genetic diversity was not necessarily associated with geographical diversity in this crop. ····· 10361575

Plasma Leptin Involvement in the Regulation of VFI and Body Fat

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Plasma leptin has become an indicator of body fat accumulation and body fat metabolism. The involvement of body fat or plasma leptin in long-term feed intake regulation has become clearer, showing 25% reduction from 16 23 months (fattening period) of adlibitum feeding in fattening steers. Likewise, the insulin induced short term reduction in feed intake (24%) suggests the involvement of plasma leptin. The association of breed (Purebred Hereford vs Backcrossed Hereford) and feeding system shows significant elevation of plasma leptin of breed with higher growth potential coupled with the sensitivity of plasma leptin to low and high energy level of feeding. At an early period of compensatory growth, plasma IGF-1 shows downregulation of IGF-1 receptors as manifested by lower plasma BUN, indicative of lean deposition. While at latter period of compensatory growth, plasma leptin seems elevated, indicative of increase in body fat deposition. However varying individual responses exists, leading us to investigate the leptin resistance or leptin gene polymorphism in domestic animals. ····· 10361563

Value Added Products of Sapota (Manilkara achras (Mill) Foseberg)

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Sapota (Manilkara achras (Mill) Fosberg) is known for its sweet delicious taste and possesses a delicate aroma when fully ripe. The fruit is a good source of digestible sugar (12 to 18%) and appreciable source of protein, fat, fibre and minerals like calcium, phosphorous and iron (Chadha, 2001). Kalipatti is an outstanding variety of sapota cultivated in Gujarat due to its excellent taste and aroma, soft and mellow flesh with less number of seeds, high productivity with little incidence of insect-pest and diseases. Being climacteric in nature, the fruit is highly perishable with limited shelf-life. Due to cold sensitive nature of the fruit, bulk of the produce needs immediate disposal for table purpose and is handled at ambient conditions causing considerable post harvest losses. Hence, value addition through processing is imperative not only for economic utilization of increased production of sapota, but also for checking the commodity losses. This book deals with the research work conducted on standardization of recipe, storage and quality analysis of different innovative value added products of sapota. The book will be of immense value to post graduate students and researchers. ····· 10361546

Economics of Minor Millets: A Case of Chhattisgarh, India

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Minor millets are most important crop after major cereals. It is a staple food crop in many hilly regions of the country. In fact it is the main cereal crops for monsoon season in some hilly areas. It is grown both for grain and forage. Its grain contains highly carbohydrates and it is also source of protein, fat and minerals. Besides vit.A and vit.B phosphorous is also present in smaller quantities. Millets are important food grains in the diets of a large section of population in India. Millets are consumed primarily in the form of porridge (halua), flat bread, steam-cooked products, puffed snacks and in composite flour for bread and noodles. Keeping in view of economic importance of minor millets in the study area, the present enquiry related to its production, marketing and processing was proposed to undertaken in district Bastar of Chhattisgarh. ····· 10361541

Perennial Grasses under Intensive Fodder Production Systems

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Green fodder is the cheapest and most nutritious sources of cattle feed. Judicious feeding of livestock with nutritious forage is very important for ensuring optimum level of milk production and for maintaining draught power of animals. The wide gap between the requirement and availability of feeds or forages is the major limiting factor of livestock production. Hence, the year round supply of green forage by adopting intensive fodder production system through intercropping perennial grasses of setaria cv. Kazungula and Nandi, guinea grass, hybrid napier and para grass with legumes viz., cowpea in summer and kharif and pea in rabi season as intercrops. In fact, growing of grasses and leguminous fodder crops in association not only increase the productivity of fodder but also improves the soil fertility and quality of fodder. Results of the experiment revealed that the setaria cv. Kazungula produced maximum green fodder in sole and setaria cv. Nandi in legume intercropping systems but higher dry matter and crude protein yield were produced in hybrid napier both in sole and intercropping systems. ····· 10361530

Genetic Variability in Durum Wheat Genotypes

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Several factors can affect the productivity and quality of durum wheat. Of which, absence of high yielding and quality durum wheat varieties is one of the factors contributing for low productivity and quality. In order to develop high yielding varieties with desirable agronomic and quality characteristics, the presence of genetic variability is vital. Genetic variability can be achieved through crossing, mutation and other breeding mechanisms. The purpose of this book is to present the estimated genetic variability and characters association of durum wheat genotypes in Ethiopia. The biometrical computation on genetic performance, estimation of variance components, broad sense heritability, genetic advance, genetic gain, simple linear correlation coefficient, correlation coefficient matrix, path coefficient analysis and multivariate analysis were carried out to see the magnitude of genetic variability and interrelationship among traits. The information obtained from the study will assist durum wheat breeders in developing of new promising genotypes through hybridization. ····· 10361525

Rehabilitation of Affected Farmers

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This book is devoted to the resettled farmers at their rehabilitated place. The results of this study will helpful to the researcher, social scientist, activist, administrators, policy makers and students for their review and implication of new policies for the benefit of the project affected farmers. The authors are studied in depth the attitude and satisfaction of the rehabilitated peoples and their adoption of modern agricultural technology and also find out the constraints in their adoption of new agricultural technology. ····· 10361522

Improving the efficacy of Biopesticides based on Bt

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Three features of biopesticides that differentiate them from synthetic pesticides and make them attractive to producers are the following:- (i) biopesticides can be used for resistance management, especially since many have multiple modes of action which would reduce the chance of resistance occurring in a particular crop pest (ii) many biopesticides have no or low restricted entry intervals, meaning that post-application, restricted entry into fields is very low (0 4 h) and there are often no limitations prior to harvest and (iii) there are generally exemptions for biopesticides from maximum residue limits because they are considered acceptable and relatively safe. Even though insecticidal formulations based on Bt toxins have been used for many years, it was the development and commercialization of insect-resistant transgenic Bt crops expressing Cry toxins that revolutionized the history of agriculture. Benefits of this technology include high specificity and potency, reduction in chemical pesticide applications, increased crop yield and has the potential to be recommended for pest management in organic farming. ····· 10361495

Seed Production Potentiality and Viability Improvement of Eryngium

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Bangladhonia (Eryngium foetdum L.) is a highly priced aromatic and medicinal culinary herb increasingly cultivated world wide. Seed - its production, rapid viability degradation and low germination rate limits its dissemination and cultivation. Experiments were conducted by the author at the Horticulture Field Laboratory of BSMRAU, Bangladesh to study morphology, fresh herb and seed production potentiality, seed storage and viability improvement. The dissertation includes method of Eryngium cultivation, morphological study, fresh herb and seed production, seed storage, viability and germination enhancement using growth regulators with different plant spacing. The highest seed yield (136.3kg/ha), gross return(BD Tk. 0.75 million/ha) and BCR (4.76) was recorded in 10×10 cm plant spacing. Seed treated with growth regulator solution (GA3 500ppm + Kinetin 50ppm) gave the maximum germination (31.23%), fresh yield (55.90 t/ha), gross return (BD Tk. 1.37 million/ha), gross margin (BD Tk. 1.18 million/ha) and BCR (8.52) with 20 kg seed/ha in broadcasting sowing system. Low temperature (4-5 deg.C) storage with air tight sealed polyethylene bag packaging was found better for storage of seeds. ····· 10361480

Subsurface drip irrigation development and modeling of wetting pattern

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A new approach of developing subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) was introduced. The technique is called The Hydraulic Barrier or Bilateral SDI. It aims to enhance the water distribution in the root zone through burying a secondary dripper line beneath the primary one. The technique was tested through a field experiment on two crops and it was proved to have a noticeable effect on the crop yield. A numerical model and a computer application (Drip Chartist) was developed as well. This model is able to simulate surface and subsurface drip irrigation, with and without the hydraulic barrier, with and without the conventional physical barrier. The model was validated in field and through a comparison with previous trusted model (Hydrus 2D). Validation to the `Hydrus 2D` shows high coincidence between the two models. While the results show high correlations with field data with little under estimation. Several studies were performed on the computer model which lead to important results in the drip irrigation systems design field. ····· 10361463

Genetic analysis of some morphological traits of Brassica napus

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Pakistan is lucky to have a over dozen oilseed crops, of which it can afford to grow one or the other in all the seasons of year. Despite their importance in our national economy and trade, the oilseed crops in general, are termed as Miner/ Marginal crops . The status and approach is indirect result of constant by neglecting the oilseed crops as well as agronomic sector. The present crisis demands much attention for the improvement of oilseed crops. Edible oil is an important constituent of our daily diet. Brassica seed oil has been important source of edible oil in Indo- Pak subcontinent especially Pakistan. Rape seed and mustard are the major contributor s after cotton to the local vegetable oil production and thus improved, can be helpful to some extant in bringing up the gap between production and consumption. Existing Brassica napus varieties are low yielding and late in maturity. This situation urges to breed the varieties with high productivity and early maturity. It is also requirement of the time to develop varieties with shattering, insect pests and disease resistances. ····· 10361461

Diallel Cross Analysis for some Agronomic Traits on Red Corn

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Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most important cereals in Egypt due to its vast grown area, total production and cash value. It is essential for human consumption and livestock. Moreover, it is also used for industrial purposes such as manufacturing starch and cooking oils. Many efforts are devoted nowadays to increase its productivity through genetical improvement. Therefore, increasing the productivity of such crop is the main target of corn breeders. To achieve this target more information is needed for the successful breeding programs such as the relative amount of genetic variance components and their interaction with environment for yield and its components. It is hoped that the results of such study would give such information and help in designing successful breeding programs for improving yield and its components in maize. ····· 10361442

Efficiency of use Mycorrhiza with corn under water stress

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Nowadays, Mycorrhiza fungi are widely used due to their ability to have symbiosis with the roots of so many plants. The role played by these fungi in supplying some of the nutritional demands and water required by the plants is now certain. This research studies the effect of the symbiosis of these microorganisms on corn and applying them simultaneously with phosphorous chemical fertilizers under different levels of irrigation. The interactions effect of these factors have also been studied that not only revealed the effect of such symbiosis between the above said fungi and corn, but also, identified phosphorous chemical fertilizer as the best fertilizing compounds.The results indicated that the effect of Mycorrhiza fungus to had a significant. On the characteristics under the study, however, such efficiency revealed a decreasing trend as the use of phosphorous fertilizers increased. Moreover, under water stress, the plant status improved when fungi were applied. ····· 10361428

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